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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon
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Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon

机译：追踪获救的黑猩猩的起源揭示了喀麦隆广泛的黑猩猩狩猎

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Background While wild chimpanzees are experiencing drastic population declines, their numbers at African rescue and rehabilitation projects are growing rapidly. Chimpanzees follow complex routes to these refuges; and their geographic origins are often unclear. Identifying areas where hunting occurs can help law enforcement authorities focus scarce resources for wildlife protection planning. Efficiently focusing these resources is particularly important in Cameroon because this country is a key transportation waypoint for international wildlife crime syndicates. Furthermore, Cameroon is home to two chimpanzee subspecies, which makes ascertaining the origins of these chimpanzees important for reintroduction planning and for scientific investigations involving these chimpanzees. Results We estimated geographic origins of 46 chimpanzees from the Limbe Wildlife Centre (LWC) in Cameroon. Using Bayesian approximation methods, we determined their origins using mtDNA sequences and microsatellite (STRP) genotypes compared to a spatial map of georeferenced chimpanzee samples from 10 locations spanning Cameroon and Nigeria. The LWC chimpanzees come from multiple regions of Cameroon or forested areas straddling the Cameroon-Nigeria border. The LWC chimpanzees were partitioned further as originating from one of three biogeographically important zones occurring in Cameroon, but we were unable to refine these origin estimates to more specific areas within these three zones. Conclusions Our findings suggest that chimpanzee hunting is widespread across Cameroon. Live animal smuggling appears to occur locally within Cameroon, despite the existence of local wildlife cartels that operate internationally. This pattern varies from the illegal wildlife trade patterns observed in other commercially valuable species, such as elephants, where specific populations are targeted for exploitation. A broader sample of rescued chimpanzees compared against a more comprehensive grid of georeferenced samples may reveal 'hotspots' of chimpanzee hunting and live animal transport routes in Cameroon. These results illustrate also that clarifying the origins of refuge chimpanzees is an important tool for designing reintroduction programs. Finally, chimpanzees at refuges are frequently used in scientific investigations, such as studies investigating the history of zoonotic diseases. Our results provide important new information for interpreting these studies within a precise geographical framework.
机译：背景技术尽管野生黑猩猩种群数量急剧减少，但在非洲救援和恢复项目中的数量却迅速增长。黑猩猩遵循复杂的路线前往这些庇护所。而且它们的地理起源通常不清楚。确定狩猎地点可以帮助执法部门将稀缺资源集中用于野生动植物保护计划。在喀麦隆，有效地集中这些资源尤为重要，因为该国是国际野生动植物犯罪集团的主要运输途径。此外，喀麦隆是两个黑猩猩亚种的家园，这使得确定这些黑猩猩的起源对于重新引入规划和涉及这些黑猩猩的科学研究至关重要。结果我们估计了来自喀麦隆林贝野生动物中心（LWC）的46只黑猩猩的地理起源。使用贝叶斯近似方法，我们使用mtDNA序列和微卫星（STRP）基因型确定了它们的起源，并与来自喀麦隆和尼日利亚的10个位置的地理参考黑猩猩样品的空间图进行了比较。 LWC黑猩猩来自喀麦隆的多个地区或横跨喀麦隆-尼日利亚边界的森林地区。 LWC黑猩猩由于来自喀麦隆的三个生物地理重要区域之一而被进一步划分，但是我们无法将这些起源估计值细化到这三个区域内的更特定区域。结论我们的发现表明，黑猩猩在喀麦隆各地狩猎十分普遍。尽管存在在国际上运作的当地野生动植物卡特尔，但活物走私似乎在喀麦隆本地发生。这种模式不同于在其他具有商业价值的物种（例如大象）中观察到的非法野生动植物贸易模式，在这些物种中，特定种群被作为开发目标。与更全面的地理参考样本网格相比，范围更广的获救黑猩猩样本可能揭示了喀麦隆黑猩猩狩猎和活体动物运输路线的“热点”。这些结果还表明，弄清庇护黑猩猩的起源是设计重新引入程序的重要工具。最后，避难所中的黑猩猩经常用于科学研究，例如调查人畜共患病历史的研究。我们的结果为在精确的地理框架内解释这些研究提供了重要的新信息。

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