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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making >How should risk be communicated to children: a cross-sectional study comparing different formats of probability information
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How should risk be communicated to children: a cross-sectional study comparing different formats of probability information

机译：如何将风险传达给儿童：一项横断面研究，比较了不同形式的概率信息

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Background Newborn screening, which identifies inherited disorders and sometimes carrier status, will increasingly involve health professionals in the provision of appropriate information and support to children and their families. The ability to understand carrier results relies on an understanding of probabilistic terms. However, little is known about how best to convey probabilistic medical information to children. Research with adult populations suggests information format significantly affects comprehension. This study aimed to explore which presentation format is most effective in conveying probabilistic information to children. Methods A probabilistic task based on the cup game was used to measure which of five different formats was associated with greatest understanding in children aged 7–11 years old (n = 106). Formats used were verbal labels (e.g. rarely, sometimes), percentages, proportion-word (e.g. 1 in X), proportion-notation (e.g. 1:X) and pie charts. There was also an additional mixed format condition. In each trial a picture was presented of three cups, each with a different probability depicted beneath it, and the child was asked to select which cup was most likely to contain the ball. Three trials were presented per format. Children also rated how certain they were that they had answered correctly. Results There was a significant relationship between format and comprehension scores. Post hoc tests showed children performed significantly better when probability was presented as a pie chart, in comparison to percentages, proportion – notation, proportion-word and mixed format trials. Furthermore, most children (84%) got all trials correct for this format and children were significantly more certain that their response was correct in the pie chart trials compared to all the other formats (p Conclusion The results suggest that 7–11 year olds can understand probability information, but that the format used will significantly affect the accuracy and confidence with which children in this age group make judgements about the likelihood of an event. Of the formats studied, pie charts appear to be the optimal method of presenting probabilistic information to children in this age group. Health professionals and designers of health messages should be cognisant of this when communicating medical information to children aged 7–11 years old.
机译：背景技术新生儿筛查可以识别遗传性疾病，有时还具有携带者身份，这将使卫生专业人员越来越多地参与向儿童及其家庭提供适当的信息和支持。了解载体结果的能力取决于对概率术语的理解。但是，对于如何最好地向儿童传达概率医学信息知之甚少。对成年人群的研究表明，信息格式会显着影响理解力。这项研究旨在探讨哪种表示形式最有效地向儿童传达概率信息。方法采用基于杯子游戏的概率性任务，对7-11岁儿童（n = 106）中五种不同格式中的哪一种与最大的理解能力相关联。所使用的格式为口头标签（例如，很少，有时），百分比，比例词（例如，X中的1），比例符号（例如：1：X）和饼图。还存在其他混合格式条件。在每个试验中，均展示了三个杯子的图片，每个杯子下面都有不同的概率，并要求孩子选择哪个杯子最可能容纳球。每种格式提出了三个试验。孩子们还评价他们对自己正确回答的确信程度。结果格式和理解分数之间存在显着关系。事后测试显示，将概率以饼状图的形式呈现时，与百分比，比例-记法，比例词和混合格式测试相比，儿童的表现明显更好。此外，与所有其他格式相比，大多数儿童（84％）的所有试验都对此格式正确，并且与其他格式相比，儿童更有把握地确定他们的反应在饼图试验中是正确的（p结论结果表明7-11岁的儿童可以理解概率信息，但是所使用的格式将显着影响该年龄段儿童对事件可能性做出判断的准确性和置信度。在研究的格式中，饼图似乎是向用户展示概率信息的最佳方法向7-11岁的儿童传达医疗信息时，卫生专业人员和健康信息的设计者应意识到这一点。

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