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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Evolutionary Biology >You are what you eat: diet shapes body composition, personality and behavioural stability
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You are what you eat: diet shapes body composition, personality and behavioural stability

机译：您就是所吃的食物：饮食会影响身体成分，性格和行为稳定性

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Behavioural phenotypes vary within and among individuals. While early-life experiences have repeatedly been proposed to underpin interactions between these two hierarchical levels, the environmental factors causing such effects remain under-studied. We tested whether an individual’s diet affected both its body composition, average behaviour (thereby causing among-individual variation or ‘personality’) and within-individual variability in behaviour and body weight (thereby causing among-individual differences in residual within-individual variance or ‘stability’), using the Southern field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus as a model. We further asked whether effects of diet on the expression of these variance components were sex-specific. Manipulating both juvenile and adult diet in a full factorial design, individuals were put, in each life-stage, on a diet that was either relatively high in carbohydrates or relatively high in protein. We subsequently measured the expression of multiple behavioural (exploration, aggression and mating activity) and morphological traits (body weight and lipid mass) during adulthood. Dietary history affected both average phenotype and level of within-individual variability: males raised as juveniles on high-protein diets were heavier, more aggressive, more active during mating, and behaviourally less stable, than conspecifics raised on high-carbohydrate diets. Females preferred more protein in their diet compared to males, and dietary history affected average phenotype and within-individual variability in a sex-specific manner: individuals raised on high-protein diets were behaviourally less stable in their aggressiveness but this effect was only present in males. Diet also influenced individual differences in male body weight, but within-individual variance in female body weight. This study thereby provides experimental evidence that dietary history explains both heterogeneous residual within-individual variance (i.e., individual variation in ‘behavioural stability’) and individual differences in average behaviour (i.e., ‘personality’), though dietary effects were notably trait-specific. These findings call for future studies integrating proximate and ultimate perspectives on the role of diet in the evolution of repeatedly expressed traits, such as behaviour and body weight.
机译：行为表型在个体内部和个体之间变化。尽管已经反复提出过早期生活的经验来支持这两个层次级别之间的相互作用，但是引起这种影响的环境因素仍未得到充分研究。我们测试了个人饮食是否同时影响了其身体组成，平均行为（从而导致个体差异或“人格”）以及个体内部行为和体重变异（从而导致个体内部残差个体差异或个体差异）。 （稳定性）），使用南方field（Gryllus bimaculatus）作为模型。我们进一步询问饮食对这些差异成分表达的影响是否具有性别特异性。以全因子设计方式操纵青少年和成人饮食，在每个生命阶段中，人们都被摄入碳水化合物相对较高或蛋白质相对较高的饮食。我们随后测量了成年期多种行为（探索，攻击和交配活动）和形态特征（体重和脂质质量）的表达。饮食史影响平均表型和个体内部变异水平：与高碳水化合物饮食相比，雄性高蛋白饮食喂养的雄性较重，更具攻击性，在交配过程中更具活力，行为稳定性较差。与男性相比，女性在饮食中更喜欢蛋白质，饮食史以性别特异性方式影响平均表型和个体内部变异性：高蛋白质饮食养育的个体的攻击力行为较不稳定，但这种影响仅在男性中出现。男性。饮食也会影响男性体重的个体差异，但会影响女性体重的个体差异。因此，这项研究提供了实验证据，即饮食历史既可以解释个体内部差异的异质残留（即“行为稳定性”的个体差异）又可以解释平均行为的个体差异（即“人格”），尽管饮食效果明显是特定于性状的。这些发现要求未来的研究结合对饮食在重复表达的特征（例如行为和体重）演变中的作用的最接近和最终观点。

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