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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Veterinary Research >Multiple midline defects identified in a litter of golden retrievers following gestational administration of prednisone and doxycycline: a case series
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Multiple midline defects identified in a litter of golden retrievers following gestational administration of prednisone and doxycycline: a case series

机译：泼尼松和强力霉素经妊娠管理后在金毛垫料中发现多个中线缺陷：一个病例系列

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The teratogenic effects of immunomodulatory and certain antimicrobial therapies are described in small rodents and humans. While the described teratogenic effects in small rodents have been extrapolated to make conclusions about its use in the pregnant dam, teratogenic effects of prednisone and doxycycline have not yet been reported in the dog. Here we report and describe midline defects observed in a litter of golden retriever puppies exposed to mid-gestational immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapy. Twenty-one days into gestation, the dam of a litter of eight golden retriever puppies was administered prednisone, doxycycline, and tramadol as treatment for immune-mediated polyarthritis. The individuals in the litter were subsequently diagnosed with a variety of midline defects and congenital cardiac defects. This case series describes the variety of identified defects and presents a descriptive account of complex congenital abnormalities that are likely secondary to teratogenic effects of one or more drugs administered during gestation. The available puppies, dam, and grand dam underwent thorough physical examination, complete echocardiogram, and where indicated, advanced imaging with various surgical corrections when possible. Numerous midline congenital defects and congenital heart disease were identified in the puppies evaluated. Ultimately 5 of 8 puppies born to the dam were presented for thorough evaluation. The midline defects include: gastroschisis (1), peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernias (4, PPDH), umbilical hernia (4), unilateral cryptorchidism (1 of 4 males), cleft palate (1), renal agenesis (1), renal abnormalities (1), sternal and vertebral abnormalities (3), remnant liver lobe (1) and malformations consistent with ductal plate malformations with congenital hepatic fibrosis (1). The congenital cardiac defects include: ventricular septal defect (4, VSD) and subaortic stenosis (4, SAS). The presence of greater than one congenital defect was noted in all 5 of the dogs evaluated. Surgical correction was necessary for PPDH in 4 puppies. Medical intervention was recommended for congenital cardiac disease in 1 puppy. This case report is the first to describe midline defects in dogs that have been exposed to immunomodulatory therapy during gestation. A causative relationship between mid-gestational immunomodulatory exposure and midline defects cannot be proven, however, this case supports a clear association and provides case-based evidence to support its avoidance when possible.
机译：在小型啮齿动物和人类中描述了免疫调节和某些抗菌疗法的致畸作用。虽然已经推断出在小型啮齿动物中的致畸作用，以得出有关其在孕妇大坝中使用的结论，但在狗中尚未报告泼尼松和强力霉素的致畸作用。在这里，我们报告并描述了在接受中期妊娠免疫抑制和抗微生物治疗的金毛幼犬幼仔中观察到的中线缺陷。妊娠二十一天，给一窝八只金毛幼犬的大坝喂泼尼松，强力霉素和曲马多，以治疗免疫介导的多关节炎。随后诊断出窝中的个体患有各种中线缺陷和先天性心脏缺陷。该病例系列描述了各种已鉴定出的缺陷，并描述了复杂的先天性异常，这很可能是由于妊娠期间施用的一种或多种药物的致畸作用引起的。对可用的幼犬，大坝和大坝进行了全面的体格检查，完整的超声心动图，并在可能的情况下进行了各种手术矫正的高级影像学检查。在评估的幼犬中鉴定出许多中线先天性缺陷和先天性心脏病。最终提出了大坝出生的8只幼犬中的5只，以进行全面评估。中线缺陷包括：胃gas裂（1），腹膜心diaphragm肌疝（4，PPDH），脐疝（4），单侧隐睾（4名男性中的1名），c裂（1），肾发育不全（1），肾异常（1 ），胸骨和椎骨异常（3），残余肝叶（1）以及畸形与先天性肝纤维化的导管板畸形相符（1）。先天性心脏缺陷包括：室间隔缺损（4，VSD）和主动脉瓣狭窄（4，SAS）。在所有评估的5只狗中都注意到存在一个以上的先天性缺陷。 PPDH在4只幼犬中必须进行手术矫正。建议对一只小狗进行先天性心脏病的医学干预。该病例报告是第一个描述妊娠期接受免疫调节治疗的狗中线缺陷的报告。无法证明妊娠中期免疫调节暴露与中线缺陷之间的因果关系，但是，此病例支持明确的关联，并在可能的情况下提供了基于病例的证据来支持其避免。

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