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首页> 外文期刊>BMC International Health and Human Rights >Improvements to water purification and sanitation infrastructure may reduce the diarrheal burden in a marginalized and flood prone population in remote Nicaragua
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Improvements to water purification and sanitation infrastructure may reduce the diarrheal burden in a marginalized and flood prone population in remote Nicaragua

机译：改善水净化和卫生基础设施可以减轻尼加拉瓜偏远边缘人群和易发洪水人群的腹泻负担

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Background The isolated northern region of Nicaragua has one of the highest rates of diarrheal disease in Central America. Political and environmental hardships faced by inhabitants of this region are contributing factors to this health inequity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between water and latrine infrastructure and the prevalence of diarrhea in this region. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional survey of women of reproductive age was conducted in the Sahsa region of northern Nicaragua in July, 2009. Households were selected by two stage cluster sampling methodology. A questionnaire was administered in Spanish and Miskito with assessment of household and socioeconomic conditions, sanitation practices, and health care access. Diarrhea prevalence differences at the household level over a two week reporting period were estimated with a standardized instrument which included assessment of water treatment and latrine use and maintenance. Results There were 189 women enrolled in the current study. The use of water purification methods, such as chlorine and filters, and latrine ownership were not associated with reduced prevalence of household diarrhea in the two week reporting period. Latrine overflow, however, was associated with an increased prevalence of diarrhea during the same two week period [adjusted prevalence difference and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.03, 0.36)]. Conclusions Simple, low cost interventions that improve water and latrine infrastructure may reduce the prevalence of diarrheal disease in the isolated regions of Nicaragua and Central America.
机译：背景技术尼加拉瓜与世隔绝的北部地区是中美洲腹泻病发病率最高的地区之一。该地区居民面临的政治和环境困难是造成这种健康不平等的因素。这项研究的目的是评估该地区水和厕所基础设施与腹泻发生率之间的关系。方法2009年7月，在尼加拉瓜北部的萨哈萨地区进行了以人口为基础的育龄妇女横断面调查。通过两阶段整群抽样方法选择了家庭。用西班牙语和米斯基托语（Miskito）进行了问卷调查，评估了家庭和社会经济状况，卫生习惯以及获得医疗保健服务。在两周的报告期内，家庭水平的腹泻患病率差异是通过标准化工具估算的，其中包括对水处理以及厕所使用和维护的评估。结果本研究招募了189名女性。在两周的报告期内，使用氯和过滤器之类的净水方法以及拥有厕所并不与减少家庭腹泻的发生率相关。然而，在相同的两周内，厕所中的尿液溢出与腹泻的患病率增加相关[患病率差异和95％CI：0.19（0.03，0.36）]。结论改善水和厕所基础设施的简单，低成本的干预措施可以减少尼加拉瓜和中美洲偏远地区的腹泻病患病率。

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