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首页> 外文期刊>BMC International Health and Human Rights >Indigenous well-being in four countries: An application of the UNDP'S Human Development Index to Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States
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Indigenous well-being in four countries: An application of the UNDP'S Human Development Index to Indigenous Peoples in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

机译：四个国家的土著福祉：将开发计划署的人类发展指数应用于澳大利亚，加拿大，新西兰和美国的土著人民

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Background Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand consistently place near the top of the United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Index (HDI) rankings, yet all have minority Indigenous populations with much poorer health and social conditions than non-Indigenous peoples. It is unclear just how the socioeconomic and health status of Indigenous peoples in these countries has changed in recent decades, and it remains generally unknown whether the overall conditions of Indigenous peoples are improving and whether the gaps between Indigenous peoples and other citizens have indeed narrowed. There is unsettling evidence that they may not have. It was the purpose of this study to determine how these gaps have narrowed or widened during the decade 1990 to 2000. Methods Census data and life expectancy estimates from government sources were used to adapt the Human Development Index (HDI) to examine how the broad social, economic, and health status of Indigenous populations in these countries have changed since 1990. Three indices – life expectancy, educational attainment, and income – were combined into a single HDI measure. Results Between 1990 and 2000, the HDI scores of Indigenous peoples in North America and New Zealand improved at a faster rate than the general populations, closing the gap in human development. In Australia, the HDI scores of Indigenous peoples decreased while the general populations improved, widening the gap in human development. While these countries are considered to have high human development according to the UNDP, the Indigenous populations that reside within them have only medium levels of human development. Conclusion The inconsistent progress in the health and well-being of Indigenous populations over time, and relative to non-Indigenous populations, points to the need for further efforts to improve the social, economic, and physical health of Indigenous peoples.
机译：背景信息加拿大，美国，澳大利亚和新西兰一直处于联合国开发计划署人类发展指数（HDI）排名的顶部，但所有这些国家的土著居民的健康和社会状况都比非土著人民差得多。这些国家的土著人民的社会经济和健康状况近几十年来发生了怎样的变化尚不清楚，而且土著人民的总体状况是否正在改善以及土著人民与其他公民之间的差距是否确实在缩小，这一点目前仍未知。有令人不安的证据表明他们可能没有。这项研究的目的是确定在1990年至2000年的十年间这些差距是如何缩小或扩大的。方法来自政府的人口普查数据和预期寿命估计用于适应人类发展指数（HDI），以检验广泛的社会自1990年以来，这些国家的土著居民的经济，健康状况发生了变化。预期寿命，教育程度和收入这三个指数被合并为一项人类发展指数。结果在1990年至2000年之间，北美和新西兰土著人的HDI得分的提高速度快于普通人群，从而缩小了人类发展的差距。在澳大利亚，土著人民的HDI得分下降，而总人口的HDI得分下降，扩大了人类发展的差距。尽管根据开发计划署认为这些国家的人类发展水平很高，但居住在这些国家中的土著人口的人类发展水平仅为中等水平。结论随着时间的推移，相对于非土著居民而言，土著居民的健康和福祉方面的进展不一致，这表明需要进一步努力改善土著人民的社会，经济和身体健康。

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