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首页> 外文期刊>BMC International Health and Human Rights >Burden of leprosy in Malawi: community camp-based cross-sectional study
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Burden of leprosy in Malawi: community camp-based cross-sectional study

机译：马拉维麻风的负担：基于社区营地的横断面研究

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Background Although leprosy was eliminated globally in 2000, the disease continues to be the significant cause of peripheral neuropathy, disability and disfigurement in some developing countries. However, recent population-based prevalence data are lacking to inform evidence-based renewed commitment for the final push for leprosy elimination at national and sub-national levels. Methods Community camp-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in four selected districts. World Health Organisation guidelines and tools for leprosy elimination monitoring were used to evaluate the Malawi National Leprosy Programme. Results A total of 6,338 people (60% females, 35% children aged less than 15?years) were examined for leprosy and other skin diseases. Prevalence of skin diseases was 18%, the commonest being fungal (9%), eczema/dermatitis (3%) and leprosy (1%). Of the fungal skin conditions, pityriasis versicolor and Tinea capatis were the commonest (22% and 21% respectively) then Tinea corporis (9%), Tinea cruris (6%) and Tinea pedis (2%). A total of 66 leprosy cases were detected out of 6,338 people screened giving a prevalence of 104.1 per 10,000 population (range by district 67.1 to 194.1). Of the leprosy cases, 37 were new, 6 were defaulters and 23 were on treatment, 30 were females and 9 were children aged less than 15?years old. Of the 37 new leprosy cases, 9 (24.3%) were children, 25 (67.6%) had 1–5 leprosy lesions and 8 (21.6%) had grade 2 disability. The most frequent location of leprosy lesions was the head and neck (24.1%), arms (24.1%), chest (17.2%), legs (13.8%), back (13.8%) and abdomen (7.0%). Between 2006 and 2011, trends of leprosy prevalence and detection increased, prevalence/detection ratios were over 1 and cure rates by cohort analysis of 2009 multibacillary and 2010 paucibacillary cases were 33% and 63% respectively far below the expected 80% although the national prevalence remained at less than 1 case per 10,000 population. Conclusion Leprosy was still an important public health problem in Malawi. Improving knowledge and skills of health workers, registration and recording of data, contact tracing, decentralisation and integration of treatment to health centres and introduction of leprosy awareness days and community-based surveillance could help to improve early detection, treatment, case holding and prevention of disabilities.
机译：背景资料尽管麻风在2000年在全球范围内被消灭，但在某些发展中国家，该疾病仍然是导致周围神经病变，残疾和毁容的重要原因。但是，缺乏最新的基于人口的流行数据，无法为基于证据的新承诺作出承诺，以最终推动在国家和国家以下各级消灭麻风。方法在四个选定地区进行了基于社区营地的横断面描述性研究。世界卫生组织用于消除麻风的指导方针和工具用于评估马拉维国家麻风规划。结果共检查了6338人（女性为60％，年龄在15岁以下的35％儿童）为麻风病和其他皮肤病。皮肤病的流行率为18％，最常见的是真菌（9％），湿疹/皮炎（3％）和麻风病（1％）。在真菌性皮肤病中，杂色性糠疹和头癣是最常见的（分别为22％和21％），然后是股本癣（9％），头癣（6％）和足癣（2％）。在接受筛查的6338人中，共检测到66例麻风病病例，每10,000人口中的流行率为104.1（地区67.1至194.1）。在麻风病病例中，有37例是新发的，6例是违法的，23例在治疗中，30例是女性，9例是15岁以下的儿童。在37例新的麻风病病例中，有9例（24.3％）为儿童，其中25例（67.6％）有1-5例麻风病，8例（21.6％）为2级残疾。麻风病最常见的部位是头部和颈部（24.1％），手臂（24.1％），胸部（17.2％），腿部（13.8％），背部（13.8％）和腹部（7.0％）。在2006年至2011年之间，麻风病患病率和检出率呈上升趋势，患病率/检出率均超过1，并且通过队列分析，2009年多菌型和2010年青枯菌型病例的治愈率分别为33％和63％，尽管全国患病率普遍低于80％每10,000人中只有不到1例。结论麻风病仍然是马拉维的重要公共卫生问题。改善卫生工作者的知识和技能，数据注册和记录，接触者追踪，权力下放和整合到卫生中心的治疗以及引入麻风病认识日和基于社区的监督，可以帮助改善对卫生工作者的早期发现，治疗，病例掌握和预防残疾。

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