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Location, location, location: utilizing pipelines and services to more effectively georeference the world's biodiversity data

机译：位置，位置，位置：利用管道和服务更有效地地理参考世界生物多样性数据

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Background Increasing the quantity and quality of data is a key goal of biodiversity informatics, leading to increased fitness for use in scientific research and beyond. This goal is impeded by a legacy of geographic locality descriptions associated with biodiversity records that are often heterogeneous and not in a map-ready format. The biodiversity informatics community has developed best practices and tools that provide the means to do retrospective georeferencing (e.g., the BioGeomancer toolkit), a process that converts heterogeneous descriptions into geographic coordinates and a measurement of spatial uncertainty. Even with these methods and tools, data publishers are faced with the immensely time-consuming task of vetting georeferenced localities. Furthermore, it is likely that overlap in georeferencing effort is occurring across data publishers. Solutions are needed that help publishers more effectively georeference their records, verify their quality, and eliminate the duplication of effort across publishers. Results We have developed a tool called BioGeoBIF, which incorporates the high throughput and standardized georeferencing methods of BioGeomancer into a beginning-to-end workflow. Custodians who publish their data to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) can use this system to improve the quantity and quality of their georeferences. BioGeoBIF harvests records directly from the publishers' access points, georeferences the records using the BioGeomancer web-service, and makes results available to data managers for inclusion at the source. Using a web-based, password-protected, group management system for each data publisher, we leave data ownership, management, and vetting responsibilities with the managers and collaborators of each data set. We also minimize the georeferencing task, by combining and storing unique textual localities from all registered data access points, and dynamically linking that information to the password protected record information for each publisher. Conclusion We have developed one of the first examples of services that can help create higher quality data for publishers mediated through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and its data portal. This service is one step towards solving many problems of data quality in the growing field of biodiversity informatics. We envision future improvements to our service that include faster results returns and inclusion of more georeferencing engines.
机译：背景技术增加数据的数量和质量是生物多样性信息学的主要目标，从而提高了在科学研究中及以后使用的适应性。与生物多样性记录相关联的地理位置描述的遗留因素阻碍了这一目标，而生物多样性记录通常是异类的，并且没有以地图就绪的格式。生物多样性信息学界已经开发了最佳实践和工具，这些工具和方法为进行追溯地理配准提供了手段（例如，BioGeomancer工具包），该过程将异类描述转换为地理坐标并测量了空间不确定性。即使使用这些方法和工具，数据发布者也面临着审查地理参考位置的极其耗时的任务。此外，跨数据发布者的地理配准工作可能会发生重叠。需要解决方案来帮助发布者更有效地地理记录其记录，验证其质量并消除发布者之间重复的工作。结果我们开发了一个名为BioGeoBIF的工具，该工具将BioGeomancer的高通量和标准化地理配准方法纳入了从头到尾的工作流程。将数据发布到全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF）的保管人可以使用此系统来提高其地理参考的数量和质量。 BioGeoBIF直接从发布者的访问点中获取记录，使用BioGeomancer Web服务对记录进行地理引用，并将结果提供给数据管理者，以包括在源头中。通过为每个数据发布者使用基于Web的，受密码保护的组管理系统，我们将数据所有权，管理和审核职责留给每个数据集的管理者和协作者。通过合并和存储来自所有已注册数据访问点的唯一文本位置，并将该信息动态链接到每个发布者的受密码保护的记录信息，我们还最大程度地减少了地理配准任务。结论我们已经开发了首批服务示例之一，可以帮助通过全球生物多样性信息基金及其数据门户为发布者创建更高质量的数据。这项服务是解决生物多样性信息学不断发展的领域中许多数据质量问题的第一步。我们设想对服务的未来改进，包括更快的结果返回率以及更多的地理配准引擎。

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