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首页> 外文期刊>Bonn zoological Bulletin >Synonymy and nomenclatural history of the Common or Viviparous Lizard, by this time: Zootaca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823)
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Synonymy and nomenclatural history of the Common or Viviparous Lizard, by this time: Zootaca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823)

机译：到现在为止，普通或胎生蜥蜴的同义词和命名历史：Zootaca vivipara（利希滕斯坦，1823年）

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We carefully reread and translated the Latin account by J.F. von Jacquin (1787) on his description of a vivi-parous lizard ("Lacerta vivipara") in the Austrian Alps near Vienna. It turned out that –in contrast to common usage –this account cannot be regarded as the original description and scientific denomination of the taxon Zootoca(formerlyLacerta) vivipara. It is apparent that v. Jacquin did not at all intend to describe a new species, but just wanted to pointon his extraordinary observation that the lizard observed by him gave birth to young instead of laying eggs (Latin: La-certa vivipara = viviparous lizard). For securing nomenclatural stability of this well-known and widely distributed species,we had to search for the next, subsequent author using v. Jacquin's name in the sense of a taxonomic denomination. Ac-cording to our extensive literature review, it was Lichtenstein (1823) who first used "Lacerta vivipara" as a species name(although he thought it to be a synonym of Lacerta muralis).In accordance with and to meet the standards of Article 11of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), the common lizard has now to be named LacertaviviparaLichtenstein, 1823, or, according to current concepts, Zootoca vivipara(Lichtenstein, 1823). Cocteau (1832) was the only earlier author who recognized that von Jacquin had no intention of describing a new species.He therefore named his lizard from Schneeberg / Austria "Lacerta de Jacquin" which has to be regarded as a replace-ment name (at least with respect to Lacerta viviparaLichtenstein). Subsequently, Duméril & Bibron (1839) discussedthe biological details of "Lacerta vivipara" given by Cocteau (1832), but omitted his nomenclatural findings complete-ly, like all subsequent authors. Since then the common lizard was usually named "Lacerta viviparade Jacquin, 1787",whereupon some older names before Lichtenstein's (1823) action were relegated into its synonymy.The viviparous lizardwas for a long time the hidden member of a voluminous collective species since early Linneantimes (named Lacerta agilisby Linnaeus, 1758, or Lacertus cinereusby Lacepède, 1788 – and comprising at least addi-tionally Lacerta agilisLinnaeus, 1768, Lacerta viridisLaurenti, 1768, and Podarcis muralis(Laurenti, 1768), in theircurrent sense. On the other hand Wolf in Sturm (1805) and Mikan in Sturm (1805) had split the present-day Zootoca vi-viparainto three species later on .The discrepancy between several simultaneous lumping and splitting trends immense-ly complicated the development of nomenclature and systematics – not only in Zootoca vivipara(see Schmidtler, 2010)– up to the middle of the 19thcentury. In this paper, we provide a detailed list of the names erected and described in connection with the common lizard anddiscuss and evaluate their nomenclatural availability. Some of the old nomina were rediscovered here and are rather cu-rious examples from early post-Linnean times.
机译：我们仔细阅读并翻译了冯·雅克（J.F. von Jacquin）（1787）关于拉丁文的描述，该描写描述了维也纳附近奥地利阿尔卑斯山的活体蜥蜴（“ Lacerta vivipara”）。事实证明，与通常的用法相比，该描述不能被视为动物分类动物群Zootoca（以前的Lacerta）的原始描述和科学名称。显然，雅克诉v。Jacquin根本不打算描述一个新物种，而只是想指出他的非凡观察结果，即他观察到的蜥蜴生下了幼虫而不是产卵（拉丁语：La-certa vivipara =胎生蜥蜴） ）。为了确保这个众所周知且分布广泛的物种的命名法稳定性，我们不得不使用分类学意义上的Jacquin v。来寻找下一位后来的作者。根据我们广泛的文献回顾，是利希滕斯坦（1823）首次使用“ Lacerta vivipara”作为物种名称（尽管他认为这是Lacerta muralis的同义词）。符合并符合Article的标准在《国际动物命名法典》（ICZN 1999）中的第11条中，普通蜥蜴现在被命名为LacertaviviparaLichtenstein，1823年，或者根据当前的概念命名为Zootoca vivipara（Lichtenstein，1823年）。考克多（1832）是唯一一位认识到冯·雅克·芬（von Jacquin）无意描述新物种的作者。因此，他从Schneeberg /奥地利将蜥蜴命名为“ Lacerta de Jacquin”。至少与Lacerta viviparaLichtenstein有关）。随后，Duméril＆Bibron（1839）讨论了Cocteau（1832）给出的“胎生蝎”的生物学细节，但像所有后来的作者一样，完全省略了他的命名学发现。从那时起，普通蜥蜴通常被命名为“ Lacerta viviparade Jacquin，1787”，因此，利希滕斯坦（1823）行动之前的一些较老的名字被贬为同义词。长期以来，胎生蜥蜴一直是Linneantimes早期大量集体物种的隐藏成员。 （从目前的意义上来说，它们分别由1758年的Linnaeus命名为Lacerta agilis，或1788年的Lacepède命名为Lacertus cinereus，并且至少还包括1768年的Lacerta agilisLinnaeus，1768年的Lacerta viridisLaurenti和Podarcis muralis（Laurenti的1768年）。后来，Sturm（1805）和Skan（1805）的Mikan将今天的Zootoca vi-viparain分为三个物种。几种同时出现的集总和分裂趋势之间的差异极大地使术语和系统学的发展变得复杂-不仅在Zootoca vivipara（请参阅Schmidtler，2010年）–直到19世纪中叶。在本文中，我们提供了有关所建立和描述的名称的详细列表。与常见的蜥蜴和讨论，并评估其命名的可用性。在这里重新发现了一些旧的名词，它们是从后林尼时代早期开始就颇为有趣的例子。

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