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Toxicological Effects of Plastic Composted Soil on Nitrifying Bacteria

机译：塑料堆肥土壤对硝化细菌的毒理作用

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of plastic composted soil on some nitrifying bacteria which are Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. Methodology: Five plastic composted soil samples were collected from different locations within the Edo State Waste Management site located at Iyowa in Benin City which were merged to form a composite sample. Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. were isolated from the soil samples. Plastic composted soil concentrations were prepared for LC50 and EC50 determination. Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas acute toxicity test was carried out. Initial nitrite concentrations were determined and plates of Winograsky agar were immediately inoculated by spread plate techniques. Nitrite accumulation and utilization were also determined and inoculation by spread plate method was carried out from the various plastic composted soil concentrations after 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h time intervals. Plates were incubated at room temperature (28+/- 2°C) for 24 h. The percentage inhibition of bacteria ( Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp.) was determined using the probit regression analysis in Excel Microsoft. Results: The EC50 values for Nitrosomonas sp. are as follows; 0.52, 0.82, 1.11 and 1.23 with LC50 values of 27.47, 24.14, 19.74 and 16.73. It was observed that the EC50 values were very low which increased gradually with time, this suggest that there was a high percentage inhibition of Nitrosomonas sp. thereby altering and reducing the percentage nitrite accumulation by the bacteria. The EC50 values for Nitrobacter sp. are 52.00, 81.72, 111.31 and 123.13 and LC50 values are 25.04, 23.93, 15.94 and 13.39. The EC50 values for Nitrobacter sp. were high which indicates that there was high nitrite utilization by Nitrobacter sp. as the percentage inhibition gradually decreased with exposure time. The coefficient of determination showed that the bacteria response which could be either inhibition, utilization or accumulation greatly depends on the amount/concentration of the plastic contaminants present in the test soil sample. Conclusion: The result from this study shows that the EC50 determination was more sensitive than the LC50 determination for Nitrosomonas sp. and that the LC50 determination was more sensitive than the EC50 determination for Nitrobacter sp. Also that the populations of Nitrosomonas sp. were more sensitive to the plastic contaminants than the populations of Nitrobacter sp. The results obtained from this study suggest that autotrophic transformation by nitrifying bacteria which enhances soil fertility may be hindered in an ecosystem polluted with plastics as nitrification processes will be altered.
机译：目的：本研究的目的是评估塑料堆肥土壤对某些硝化细菌Nitrosomonas sp。的毒理作用。和硝化细菌方法：从位于贝宁市Iyowa的Edo State Waste Management地点的不同位置收集了五个塑料堆肥土壤样本，这些样本合并在一起形成一个复合样本。亚硝基亚种和硝化细菌从土壤样品中分离出来。制备塑料堆肥土壤浓度用于LC 50 和EC 50 测定。进行了硝化细菌和亚硝化单胞菌的急性毒性试验。确定了最初的亚硝酸盐浓度，并立即通过铺板技术接种了Winograsky琼脂平板。还确定了亚硝酸盐的积累和利用，并在1 h，2 h，3 h和4 h时间间隔后，从各种塑料堆肥土壤浓度中通过扩散板法进行了接种。将板在室温（28 +/- 2℃）下孵育24小时。使用Excel Microsoft中的概率回归分析确定细菌（亚硝基单胞菌属和硝化细菌属）的抑制百分比。结果：亚硝基梭菌的EC 50 值。如下面所述; 0.52、0.82、1.11和1.23，LC 50 的值分别为27.47、24.14、19.74和16.73。观察到EC 50 值非常低，并且随着时间的推移逐渐增加，这表明硝化单胞菌属的抑制率很高。从而改变和减少细菌积累亚硝酸盐的百分比。硝化细菌的EC 50 值。分别为52.00、81.72、111.31和123.13，LC 50 值为25.04、23.93、15.94和13.39。硝化细菌的EC 50 值。较高表明硝化细菌对亚硝酸盐的利用率很高。随着抑制时间的延长，抑制百分比逐渐降低。测定系数表明，可能是抑制，利用或积累的细菌响应很大程度上取决于测试土壤样品中存在的塑料污染物的数量/浓度。结论：本研究结果表明，亚硝化单胞菌的EC 50 测定比LC 50 测定更灵敏。并且LC 50 测定对硝化细菌的敏感性要比EC 50 测定的灵敏。也就是亚硝基胞菌的种群。对塑料污染物比硝化细菌的种群更敏感。从这项研究中获得的结果表明，在硝化过程将发生变化的情况下，在被塑料污染的生态系统中，硝化细菌的自养转化将增强土壤肥力，可能会受到阻碍。

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