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Waste to Wealth- Value Recovery from AgrofoodProcessing Wastes Using Biotechnology:A Review

机译:从废物到财富-利用生物技术从农业食品加工废物中回收价值:综述

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From creation, man was charged to ‘increase, multiply, and subdue the earth’. Thus, man has continually sought to improve the quality of life by transforming nature to provide more food, and better living conditions for long life. Agriculture and technology are part of the tools used to accomplish this transformation and to achieve many of man’s goals. Through mechanization and other tools of modern technology man cultivates crops and rears animals for his food needs, processes same through industrial activities for value addition, and carries out other sundry activities- all in a bid to dominate his environment. Major fallout of all these is the generation of wastes, with their attendant implications for the environment generally. Generation of wastes demands that measures must be taken to manage them if the unpleasant consequences of their accumulation (and these are legions) must be averted. Hence, various waste management options have been adopted over time, most of which had tended to see waste as useless entity that must be disposed off wholesomely. However, modern concepts of waste management tend to see waste from a different perspective, since what is regarded as waste may not be truly totally so, at least, from the point of view of salvageable resources entrapped therein. This is particularly so for agro-food wastes in which reasonable percentage of biomass form major part of what is often considered as wastes consigned to the waste bins. Fortunately, the entrapped resources are bioconvertible into useful products: animal foods and feeds, biofertilizers, industrial chemicals/raw materials, biofuels, biogas and other energy renewable alternatives, etc. With respect to these, the role of biotechnology, in resource exploitation can hardly be overstated. Thus, this paper explores wastes as a veritable resource for wealth creation, with particular focus on resources recoverable from agro-food wastes using the tool of biotechnology.
机译:从创造开始,人类就被指控“增加,繁衍和征服地球”。因此,人类一直在寻求通过改变自然以提供更多食物和更长寿的生活条件来改善生活质量。农业和技术是实现这一转变和实现人类许多目标的工具的一部分。通过机械化和现代技术的其他工具,人可以满足自己的粮食需要种植农作物和饲养动物,并通过工业活动进行增值加工,并进行其他杂项活动-所有这些都是为了控制他的环境。所有这些的主要后果是废物的产生,并伴随着对环境的总体影响。废物的产生要求必须采取措施对废物进行管理,如果必须避免废物积累(这些都是大军)的不愉快后果。因此,随着时间的流逝,已经采用了各种废物管理选项,其中大多数倾向于将废物视为必须无害处置的无用实体。但是,现代的废物管理概念倾向于从不同的角度看待废物,因为至少从被困在其中的可挽救资源的角度来看,被视为废物的东西可能并非真正地完全如此。对于农业食品废物而言尤其如此,其中合理比例的生物质构成了通常被认为是委托给废物箱的废物的主要部分。幸运的是,被捕获的资源可以生物转化为有用的产品:动物食品和饲料,生物肥料,工业化学品/原料,生物燃料,沼气和其他能源可再生替代品等。就这些而言,生物技术在资源开发中的作用很难夸大其词。因此,本文将废物作为创造财富的真实资源进行了探索,特别关注使用生物技术从农业食品废物中回收的资源。

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