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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Microbiology >Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains
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Multi-drug resistant Enterobacter bugandensis species isolated from the International Space Station and comparative genomic analyses with human pathogenic strains

机译：从国际空间站分离的多重耐药性布氏肠杆菌物种以及与人类致病菌株的比较基因组分析

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The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypic properties, multiple drug resistance (MDR) gene profiles, and genes related to potential virulence and pathogenic properties of five Enterobacter bugandensis strains isolated from the International Space Station (ISS) were carried out and compared with genomes of three clinical strains. Whole genome sequences of ISS strains were characterized using the hybrid de novo assembly of Nanopore and Illumina reads. In addition to traditional microbial taxonomic approaches, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed to classify the phylogenetic lineage. Agar diffusion discs assay was performed to test antibiotics susceptibility. The draft genomes after assembly and scaffolding were annotated with the Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology and RNAmmer servers for downstream analysis. Molecular phylogeny and whole genome analysis of the ISS strains with all publicly available Enterobacter genomes revealed that ISS strains were E. bugandensis and similar to the type strain EB-247T and two clinical isolates (153_ECLO and MBRL 1077). Comparative genomic analyses of all eight E. bungandensis strains showed, a total of 4733 genes were associated with carbohydrate metabolism (635 genes), amino acid and derivatives (496 genes), protein metabolism (291 genes), cofactors, vitamins, prosthetic groups, pigments (275 genes), membrane transport (247 genes), and RNA metabolism (239 genes). In addition, 112 genes identified in the ISS strains were involved in virulence, disease, and defense. Genes associated with resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds, including the MDR tripartite system were also identified in the ISS strains. A multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) locus or MAR operon encoding MarA, MarB, MarC, and MarR, which regulate more than 60 genes, including upregulation of drug efflux systems that have been reported in Escherichia coli K12, was also observed in the ISS strains. Given the MDR results for these ISS Enterobacter genomes and increased chance of pathogenicity (PathogenFinder algorithm with  79% probability), these species pose important health considerations for future missions. Thorough genomic characterization of the strains isolated from ISS can help to understand the pathogenic potential, and inform future missions, but analyzing them in in-vivo systems is required to discern the influence of microgravity on their pathogenicity.
机译：进行了从国际空间站（ISS）分离的5株Bugandensis肠杆菌的抗微生物耐药性（AMR）表型特性，多重耐药性（MDR）基因谱以及与潜在毒力和致病特性相关的基因，并将其与3种基因组进行了比较临床菌株。 ISS菌株的全基因组序列使用Nanopore和Illumina读数的杂交从头组装进行了表征。除了传统的微生物分类方法外，还进行了多基因座序列分型（MLST）分析以对系统发生谱系进行分类。进行琼脂扩散盘测定以测试抗生素敏感性。使用子系统技术和RNAmmer服务器通过快速注释对组装和支架后的基因组草图进行注释，以进行下游分析。对具有所有公开可获得的肠杆菌基因组的ISS菌株进行的分子系统发育和全基因组分析表明，ISS菌株为臭虫E. bugandensis，与EB-247T型菌株和两种临床分离株（153_ECLO和MBRL 1077）相似。比较了全部八种E.bungandensis菌株的基因组分析，总共有4733个基因与碳水化合物代谢（635个基因），氨基酸和衍生物（496个基因），蛋白质代谢（291个基因），辅因子，维生素，假体相关，色素（275个基因），膜转运（247个基因）和RNA代谢（239个基因）。另外，在ISS菌株中鉴定的112个基因与毒力，疾病和防御有关。在ISS菌株中也鉴定出了与抗药性和毒性化合物相关的基因，包括MDR三方系统。在ISS菌株中还观察到了编码MarA，MarB，MarC和MarR的多重抗生素抗性（MAR）基因座或MAR操纵子，它们调控60多个基因，包括在大肠杆菌K12中报道的药物外排系统上调。 。鉴于这些ISS肠杆菌基因组的MDR结果和致病性的可能性增加（PathogenFinder算法的可能性> 79％），这些物种构成了未来任务的重要健康考虑因素。对从ISS分离出的菌株进行全面的基因组表征可以帮助了解其潜在致病性，并为将来的任务提供信息，但是需要在体内系统中对其进行分析，以识别微重力对其致病性的影响。

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