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On the matching of top-down knowledge with sensory input in the perception of ambiguous speech

机译：关于自上而下的知识与歧义语音感知中的感觉输入的匹配

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Background How does the brain repair obliterated speech and cope with acoustically ambivalent situations? A widely discussed possibility is to use top-down information for solving the ambiguity problem. In the case of speech, this may lead to a match of bottom-up sensory input with lexical expectations resulting in resonant states which are reflected in the induced gamma-band activity (GBA). Methods In the present EEG study, we compared the subject's pre-attentive GBA responses to obliterated speech segments presented after a series of correct words. The words were a minimal pair in German and differed with respect to the degree of specificity of segmental phonological information. Results The induced GBA was larger when the expected lexical information was phonologically fully specified compared to the underspecified condition. Thus, the degree of specificity of phonological information in the mental lexicon correlates with the intensity of the matching process of bottom-up sensory input with lexical information. Conclusions These results together with those of a behavioural control experiment support the notion of multi-level mechanisms involved in the repair of deficient speech. The delineated alignment of pre-existing knowledge with sensory input is in accordance with recent ideas about the role of internal forward models in speech perception.
机译：背景技术大脑如何修复被遮盖的语音并应对听觉上矛盾的情况？广泛讨论的可能性是使用自上而下的信息来解决歧义问题。在语音的情况下，这可能导致自下而上的感觉输入与词汇期望相匹配，从而导致共振状态，该状态反映在诱导的伽马波段活动（GBA）中。方法在目前的脑电图研究中，我们比较了受试者的注意前GBA反应与一系列正确单词后出现的消失语音片段的比较。这些单词在德语中是最小对，在分段音位信息的特异性程度方面有所不同。结果与语音不足的情况相比，语音上充分指定了预期的词汇信息时，诱发的GBA较大。因此，心理词典中语音信息的特异性程度与自下而上的感官输入与词汇信息匹配过程的强度相关。结论这些结果以及行为控制实验的结果都支持涉及缺陷语音修复的多级机制的概念。预先存在的知识与感觉输入的划合符合关于内部前向模型在语音感知中作用的最新观点。

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