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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Plant Biology >Transcript profiling of structural genes involved in cyanidin-based anthocyanin biosynthesis between purple and non-purple carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars reveals distinct patterns
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Transcript profiling of structural genes involved in cyanidin-based anthocyanin biosynthesis between purple and non-purple carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars reveals distinct patterns

机译：紫色和非紫色胡萝卜（Daucus carota L.）品种之间基于花青素的花青素生物合成中涉及的结构基因的转录谱分析显示出不同的模式

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Background Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are among the 10 most economically important vegetable crops grown worldwide. Purple carrot cultivars accumulate rich cyanidin-based anthocyanins in a light-independent manner in their taproots whereas other carrot color types do not. Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants, protecting them from damage caused by strong light, heavy metals, and pathogens. Furthermore, they are important nutrients for human health. Molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in purple carrot cultivars and loss of anthocyanin production in non-purple carrot cultivars remain unknown. Results The taproots of the three purple carrot cultivars were rich in anthocyanin, and levels increased during development. Conversely, the six non-purple carrot cultivars failed to accumulate anthocyanins in the underground part of taproots. Six novel structural genes, CA4H1, CA4H2, 4CL1, 4CL2, CHI1, and F3′H1, were isolated from purple carrots. The expression profiles of these genes, together with other structural genes known to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, were analyzed in three purple and six non-purple carrot cultivars at the 60-day-old stage. PAL3/PAL4, CA4H1, and 4CL1 expression levels were higher in purple than in non-purple carrot cultivars. Expression of CHS1, CHI1, F3H1, F3′H1, DFR1, and LDOX1/LDOX2 was highly correlated with the presence of anthocyanin as these genes were highly expressed in purple carrot taproots but not or scarcely expressed in non-purple carrot taproots. Conclusions This study isolated six novel structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in carrots. Among the 13 analyzed structural genes, PAL3/PAL4, CA4H1, 4CL1, CHS1, CHI1, F3H1, F3′H1, DFR1, and LDOX1/LDOX2 may participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the taproots of purple carrot cultivars. CHS1, CHI1, F3H1, F3′H1, DFR1, and LDOX1/LDOX2 may lead to loss of light-independent anthocyanin production in orange and yellow carrots. These results suggest that numerous structural genes are involved in anthocyanin production in the taproots of purple carrot cultivars and in the loss of anthocyanin production in non-purple carrots. Unexpressed or scarcely expressed genes in the taproots of non-purple carrot cultivars may be caused by the inactivation of regulator genes. Our results provide new insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis at the molecular level in carrots and for other root vegetables.
机译：背景胡萝卜（Daucus carota L.）是全球种植的10种最重要的经济作物。紫色胡萝卜品种以不依赖光的方式在其主根中积累丰富的基于花青素的花色苷，而其他胡萝卜颜色类型则不。花青素是植物中重要的次生代谢产物，可保护它们免受强光，重金属和病原体的损害。此外，它们是人类健康的重要营养素。紫色胡萝卜品种中花色苷积累和非紫色胡萝卜品种中花色苷生产损失的分子机制仍然未知。结果3个紫色胡萝卜品种的主根富含花青素，并且在发育过程中含量增加。相反，六个非紫色胡萝卜品种未能在主根的地下部分积聚花青素。从紫色胡萝卜中分离出六个新的结构基因CA4H1，CA4H2、4CL1、4CL2，CHI1和F3'H1。在60天龄的三个紫色和六个非紫色胡萝卜品种中，分析了这些基因的表达谱以及已知与花色苷生物合成有关的其他结构基因。紫色的PAL3 / PAL4，CA4H1和4CL1的表达水平高于非紫色的胡萝卜品种。 CHS1，CHI1，F3H1，F3'H1，DFR1和LDOX1 / LDOX2的表达与花色苷的存在高度相关，因为这些基因在紫色胡萝卜的主根中高表达，而在非紫色胡萝卜的主根中几乎没有表达。结论本研究分离了六个与胡萝卜花色苷生物合成有关的新结构基因。在13个分析的结构基因中，PAL3 / PAL4，CA4H1、4CL1，CHS1，CHI1，F3H1，F3'H1，DFR1和LDOX1 / LDOX2可能参与紫色胡萝卜品种主根中的花青素生物合成。 CHS1，CHI1，F3H1，F3'H1，DFR1和LDOX1 / LDOX2可能会导致橙色和黄色胡萝卜中不依赖光的花色苷产生。这些结果表明，许多结构基因参与了紫色胡萝卜品种的主根中的花青素生产以及非紫色胡萝卜中的花青素生产的损失。非紫色胡萝卜品种的主根中未表达或表达很少的基因可能是由于调节基因失活引起的。我们的结果为胡萝卜和其他块根类蔬菜在分子水平上的花色苷生物合成提供了新的见识。

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