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Effects of switching between production systems in dairy farming

机译：奶牛生产系统之间转换的影响

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The increasing intensification of dairy farming in Europe has sparked an interest in studying the economic consequences of this process. However, empirically classifying farms as extensive or intensive is not a straightforward task. In recent papers, Latent Class Models (LCM) have been used to avoid an ad-hoc split of the sample into intensive and extensive dairy farms. A limitation of current specifications of LCM is that they do not allow farms to switch between different productive systems over time. This feature of the model is at odds with the process of intensification of the European dairy industry in recent decades. We allow for changes of production system over time by estimating a single LCM model but splitting the original panel into two periods, and find that the probability of using the intensive technology increases over time. Our estimation proposal opens up the possibility of studying the effects of intensification not only across farms but also over time.
机译：欧洲奶牛养殖业的集约化发展引起了人们对研究这一过程的经济后果的兴趣。但是，根据经验将农场分为粗养还是精养不是一件容易的事。在最近的论文中，潜在类模型（LCM）已被用来避免将样本临时拆分为集约化和大规模的奶牛场。当前LCM规范的局限性在于它们不允许农场随着时间的推移在不同的生产系统之间切换。该模型的这一特征与近几十年来欧洲乳业的集约化进程不符。通过估算单个LCM模型，但将原始面板分为两个时段，我们允许随时间变化的生产系统，并发现使用集约化技术的可能性会随着时间而增加。我们的估算建议为研究集约化影响不仅在整个农场而且随着时间的流逝开辟了可能性。

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