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The circular economy and agriculture: new opportunities for re-using Phosphorus as fertilizer

机译：循环经济与农业：磷再利用的新机遇

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The increasing demand of phosphorus (P) worldwide is posing important challenges on the market stability of fertilizers. Extracting more P would not guarantee high P quality and low prices. Globally, only the European Commission, in a recent document about the Circular Economy strategy, has begun to address the challenge of the dependence on phosphate rock. Based on a simple circular economy theoretical framework, this paper proposes an impact analysis of the use of recycled P as a substitute of chemical P fertilizers. Two new technologies applied to retrofit existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are considered: Moving-Bed Bio-Reactors and Struvite Crystallization Modules. The analyses indicate that the introduction of these technologies prove to be economically sustainable for specific levels of inhabitant equivalent (IE) and that the profitability of struvite, as a substitute of chemical P, increases with increasing levels of P fertilizer prices and for increasing sizes of WWTPs.Keywordscircular economy; agriculture; phosphorus; fertilizer
机译：全世界对磷（P）的需求不断增长，对肥料的市场稳定性提出了重要的挑战。提取更多的P不能保证P的高质量和低价格。在全球范围内，只有欧盟委员会在有关循环经济战略的最新文件中才开始应对依赖磷矿石的挑战。在简单的循环经济理论框架的基础上，本文提出了利用再生磷替代化学磷肥的影响分析。考虑了两种用于改造现有废水处理厂（WWTP）的新技术：移动床生物反应器和鸟粪石结晶模块。分析表明，对于特定水平的居民当量（IE），采用这些技术在经济上是可持续的，并且鸟粪石作为化学磷的替代品的获利能力随着磷肥价格的上涨和磷肥规模的增加而增加。污水处理厂;关键词循环经济;农业;磷;肥料

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