We estimate exponential sums with the Fermat-like quotients$$f_g(n) = frac{g^{n-1} - 1}{n} quad ext{and}quad h_g(n)=frac{g^{n-1}-1}{P(n)},$$where $g$ and $n$ are positive integers, $n$ is composite, and$P(n)$ is the largest prime factor of $n$. Clearly, both $f_g(n)$and $h_g(n)$ are integers if $n$ is a Fermat pseudoprime to base$g$, and if $n$ is a Carmichael number, this is true for all $g$coprime to $n$. Nevertheless, our bounds imply that the fractionalparts ${f_g(n)}$ and ${h_g(n)}$ are uniformly distributed, onaverage over~$g$ for $f_g(n)$, and individually for $h_g(n)$. Wealso obtain similar results with the functions ${widetilde f}_g(n)= gf_g(n)$ and ${widetilde h}_g(n) = gh_g(n)$.
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机译:我们用费马式商估计指数总和$$ f_g(n)= frac {g ^ {n-1}-1} {n}四分之一{和} h_g(n)= frac {g ^ {n- 1} -1} {P(n)},$$,其中$ g $和$ n $是正整数,$ n $是复合数,$ P(n)$是$ n $的最大素数。显然,如果$ n $是基数$ g $的Fermat伪素数,则$ f_g(n)$和$ h_g(n)$都是整数,如果$ n $是Carmichael数,则对于所有$ g $都是如此互质为$ n $。然而,我们的边界意味着小数部分$ {f_g(n)} $和$ {h_g(n)} $是均匀分布的,对于$ f_g(n)$平均超过〜g $,对于$ h_g(n )$。我们还可以通过函数$ {widetilde} _g(n)= gf_g(n)$和$ {widetilde h} _g(n)= gh_g(n)$获得类似的结果。
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