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首页> 外文期刊>Canine Genetics and Epidemiology >Work-type influences perceived livestock herding success in Australian Working Kelpies
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Work-type influences perceived livestock herding success in Australian Working Kelpies

机译：工作类型会影响澳大利亚工作凯尔派牧民的成功放牧

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Background Working dog handlers and breeders have very different behavioural requirements in the animals that they employ for managing livestock. The Australian Working Kelpie breed may be used in several working contexts, notably yards, paddocks and a combination of both. The working context influences the skillsets required and gives rise to three corresponding work-types: Yard, Paddock and Utility Kelpies. In particular, dogs used for working stock in the confines of yards and trucks interact with stock more forcefully than those mustering in larger areas (paddocks) where they can herd stock effectively from a greater distance. This article explores owner assessments of dog working quality and assessment of genomic similarity by multidimensional scaling, to ask whether it is sufficient for breeders to aim for a multipurpose breeding objective, or whether breeding only specialist lines maximises user satisfaction for yard and paddock work. Results Reported owner perceptions of 298 dogs assessed with the Livestock Herding Dog assessment tool showed that dog handlers across all working types were very happy with their dogs’ level of general skills. Compared with both Yard and Utility Kelpies, Paddock Kelpies had significantly lower trait scores for force (pressure applied by the dog to move livestock), willingness to back the stock (run along a sheep’s dorsum) and bite (frequency of using the mouth to grab or bite the livestock). Meanwhile, compared with both Paddock and Utility Kelpies, the Yard Kelpies had significantly higher scores for hyperactivity and excitability (both with and without stock) and impulsiveness without stock. As one would predict for all-rounders, Utility Kelpies had intermediate scores for all behaviours and working traits. Conclusions Specialist characteristics were displayed by dogs in the Yard Kelpie and Paddock Kelpie groups. In particular, Yard Kelpies demonstrate higher excitability, willingness to back the stock, and a higher tendency to bark and bite the stock. Conversely, Paddock Kelpies rarely display these characteristics. Utility Kelpies, as the name suggests, are intermediate between the other two groups and display the characteristics of both. Genetic analysis suggests that the Yard, Utility and Paddock Kelpies are not distinguishable at a DNA level. In conclusion, at this time there is no suggestion of a breed split in the Australian Working Kelpie generated by selection for work type. A common breeding objective should enable dogs to be produced that fulfil all potential working requirements. This reinforces the importance of breeder skill in recognising the phenotypic potential of pups in order to place them in appropriate working contexts.
机译：背景技术工作犬的处理者和饲养员对他们用来管理牲畜的动物的行为要求有很大不同。澳大利亚工作海豚品种可在多种工作环境中使用，特别是院子，牧场和两者的结合。工作环境会影响所需的技能，并产生三种相应的工作类型：院子，围场和实用凯尔派。特别是，在院子和卡车范围内用作工作牲畜的狗与在较大区域（围场）聚集的狗相比，与牲畜的相互作用更为强烈，它们可以在更大的范围内有效地饲养牲畜。本文探讨了主人对狗的工作质量的评估以及通过多维标度对基因组相似性的评估，以询问育种者是否足以实现多用途育种目标，或者仅育种专业系是否可以最大程度地提高用户对院子和围场的满意度。结果报告的主人对使用牲畜放牧犬评估工具评估的298条犬的看法表明，所有工作类型的犬只管理人员都对他们的犬的一般技能水平感到非常满意。与围场凯尔派人和公用凯尔派人相比，围场凯尔派人的性状得分（狗施加压力以移动牲畜），愿意放回牲畜（沿着绵羊的背部）和咬人（用嘴抓住的频率）的性格得分要低得多。或咬牲畜）。同时，与围场凯尔派和公用事业凯尔派相比，场上凯尔派在活动过度和兴奋性（有和没有储备）和没有储备的冲动方面得分要高得多。正如全能者所预测的那样，效用凯尔派在所有行为和工作特质方面的得分都中等。结论围场Kelpie和围场Kelpie组的狗表现出特殊性。特别是，Yard Kelpies表现出更高的兴奋性，支持股票的意愿以及更高的树皮和咬人股票趋势。相反，围场凯尔派人很少表现出这些特征。顾名思义，公用事业凯利派（Kerpies）位于其他两组之间，并显示两者的特征。遗传分析表明，在DNA水平上无法区分码，公用事业和围场凯尔派。总而言之，目前尚无关于通过选择工作类型而在澳大利亚工作海豚中产生品种分裂的建议。共同的繁殖目标应使犬能够满足所有潜在的工作要求。这加强了育种者技能的重要性，即认识到幼犬的表型潜能以便将它们置于适当的工作环境中。

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