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Pathogenesis of common glomerular diseases – role of the podocyte cytoskeleton

机译：常见肾小球疾病的发病机制–足细胞骨架的作用

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Abstract: Glomerulus is the filtration unit of the kidney where the first step of urine formation takes place. In the glomerulus, water and small molecules including waste products of the body are filtered into the urine, while large molecules essential for body function such as albumin are retained. When this barrier function of the kidney is impaired, protein leakage into the urine (proteinuria) occurs. Proteinuria is not only a hallmark of many glomerular diseases but also a prognostic marker of kidney disease progression. Visceral glomerular epithelial cells (commonly called podocytes) are known to have an important role in the maintenance of glomerular barrier function. In the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in podocyte biology, mainly led by the discoveries of important proteins that work together to maintain the intricate morphology and function of podocytes. Most of these so-called podocyte proteins modulate the actin cytoskeleton either directly or indirectly. The aim of the current review is to discuss the pathogenesis of common glomerular diseases with a particular focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. The diseases covered include minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (idiopathic and hereditary), membranous nephropathy, hypertensive glomerulosclerosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
机译：摘要：肾小球是肾脏形成尿液第一步的过滤单元。在肾小球中，水和包括人体废物在内的小分子被过滤到尿液中，而保留了对身体功能至关重要的大分子，如白蛋白。当肾脏的这种屏障功能受损时，蛋白质就会渗入尿液（蛋白尿）。蛋白尿不仅是许多肾小球疾病的标志，而且还是肾脏疾病进展的预后标志。内脏肾小球上皮细胞（通常称为足细胞）在维持肾小球屏障功能中具有重要作用。在过去的十年中，足细胞生物学取得了显着进展，主要是由于发现了重要蛋白质的发现，这些蛋白质共同作用以维持复杂的足细胞形态和功能。这些所谓的足细胞蛋白大多数直接或间接调节肌动蛋白的细胞骨架。本综述的目的是讨论常见肾小球疾病的发病机理，特别是肌动蛋白细胞骨架在足细胞中的作用。涵盖的疾病包括微弱变化疾病，局灶性节段性肾小球硬化（特发性和遗传性），膜性肾病，高血压性肾小球硬化和糖尿病性肾病。

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