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Structure of, and functional insight into the GLUT family of membrane transporters

机译：膜转运蛋白GLUT系列的结构和功能见解

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Abstract: This review examines the development of structure and function of the human GLUT proteins, gene family hSLC2A. These proteins are essential for moving the key metabolites, glucose, galactose, and fructose in and out of cells, as well as a number of other important substrates. Despite over five decades of research, it is still not fully understood how they work at the molecular level, although the recent publication of a crystal structure of GLUT1 suggests this may be resolved soon. The GLUT family is divided into three classes based on their sequence homology. The physiological roles of Class I GLUTs, ie, 1, 2, 3 (14), and 4 have been extensively studied for their contributions to metabolism and development. However, the other two classes have received far less attention. Genetic diseases associated with GLUTs are very rare, emphasizing their critical roles, but it is likely that as our understanding of these transporters increases, there may be more clinical conditions found to be associated with subtle changes in their activity. Another promising area of investigation is the changes in expression levels of GLUTs associated with, and likely in consequence of, disease processes. It has long been known that GLUT1 expression increases significantly in cancer cells, but it is now becoming appreciated that other GLUTs may also be involved. Determination of alterations in expression patterns may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool, and in some cases these are already being taken advantage of for the imaging of cancers. Finally, as we better understand how GLUTs bind and transport their substrates, it may be possible to design drugs that can be delivered into target cells for the treatment of a number of diseases.
机译：摘要：本文综述了人类GLUT蛋白基因家族hSLC2A的结构和功能的发展。这些蛋白质对于将关键代谢物，葡萄糖，半乳糖和果糖以及许多其他重要底物移入和移出至关重要。尽管进行了十多年的研究，但尽管最近发表的GLUT1晶体结构表明这一点可能很快就会解决，但仍未完全了解它们在分子水平上的作用。 GLUT系列根据其序列同源性分为三类。由于它们对代谢和发育的贡献，已对I类GLUT的生理作用（即1，2，3（14）和4）进行了广泛研究。但是，其他两个班级受到的关注则少得多。与GLUT相关的遗传疾病非常罕见，强调了它们的关键作用，但是随着我们对这些转运蛋白的了解的增加，可能发现更多的临床情况与其活性的细微变化有关。研究的另一个有希望的领域是与疾病过程相关的GLUTs表达水平的变化，并可能是疾病过程的结果。众所周知，GLUT1在癌细胞中的表达显着增加，但是现在人们也意识到其他的GLUT也可能参与其中。确定表达模式的改变可能被证明是一种有用的诊断工具，在某些情况下，这些已被用于癌症成像。最后，随着我们更好地了解GLUT如何结合和运输其底物，可能有可能设计出可以输送到靶细胞中的药物，以治疗多种疾病。

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