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Dispersion relations of cytoskeleton dynamics

机译：细胞骨架动力学的色散关系

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While it is well known that the cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell shape, performing cell division, and intracellular transport, its spatiotemporal dynamics are insufficiently understood. The dispersion relation, which is fundamental for understanding the connection between spatial and temporal scales of a dynamic system, was employed here for the first time to study the activity of actin and microtubules. Using green fluorescence protein for time-lapse imaging of the cytoskeleton, we showed that the dispersion relation can distinguish between diffusive and active transport of actin and microtubule filaments. Our analysis revealed that along the filaments, the transport was deterministic, as one might expect as the result of the active polymerization process, while across the filaments diffusion was dominant. Furthermore, using drugs to block the polymerization–depolymerization of both actin and microtubules, we measured that the transport immediately became diffusive, as expected. However, unexpectedly, our results indicated that within a few minutes from blocking its polymerization, actin recovered an active transport component. This deterministic component vanished upon treatment with nocodazole, indicating that fragments of actin were actively transported along microtubules. Because it provides information over broad temporal and spatial scales, this approach promises to provide a new window into the active processes associated with live cells.
机译：众所周知，细胞骨架在维持细胞形状，进行细胞分裂和细胞内转运方面起着基本作用，但对其时空动态的了解还不够。色散关系是理解动态系统时空尺度之间关系的基础，在这里首次被用来研究肌动蛋白和微管的活性。使用绿色荧光蛋白的细胞骨架的延时成像，我们表明分散关系可以区分肌动蛋白和微管丝的扩散和主动运输。我们的分析表明，沿着长丝，运输是确定性的，这是活性聚合过程的结果，而跨长丝的扩散则占主导地位。此外，使用药物阻止肌动蛋白和微管的聚合-解聚，我们测量到转运立即如预期的那样扩散。但是，出乎意料的是，我们的结果表明，肌动蛋白在阻止其聚合后几分钟内就恢复了活性转运成分。这种确定性成分在用诺考达唑处理后消失了，表明肌动蛋白的片段沿着微管被主动转运。因为它提供了广泛的时间和空间尺度上的信息，所以该方法有望为与活细胞相关的活动过程提供新的窗口。

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