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The retinoblastoma family of proteins and their regulatory functions in the mammalian cell division cycle

机译：视网膜母细胞瘤蛋白家族及其在哺乳动物细胞分裂周期中的调控功能

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摘要

The retinoblastoma (RB) family of proteins are found in organisms as distantly related as humans, plants, and insects. These proteins play a key role in regulating advancement of the cell division cycle from the G1 to S-phases. This is achieved through negative regulation of two important positive regulators of cell cycle entry, E2F transcription factors and cyclin dependent kinases. In growth arrested cells transcriptional activity by E2Fs is repressed by RB proteins. Stimulation of cell cycle entry by growth factor signaling leads to activation of cyclin dependent kinases. They in turn phosphorylate and inactivate the RB family proteins, leading to E2F activation and additional cyclin dependent kinase activity. This propels the cell cycle irreversibly forward leading to DNA synthesis. This review will focus on the basic biochemistry and cell biology governing the regulation and activity of mammalian RB family proteins in cell cycle control.
机译：视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）家族蛋白在与人类，植物和昆虫有密切关系的生物中发现。这些蛋白质在调节细胞分裂周期从G1到S期的过程中起关键作用。这是通过对细胞周期进入的两个重要正调节剂，E2F转录因子和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶的负调节来实现的。在生长停滞的细胞中，E2Fs的转录活性被RB蛋白抑制。生长因子信号传导刺激细胞周期进入导致细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶的激活。它们继而磷酸化和灭活RB家族蛋白，从而导致E2F激活和额外的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶活性。这推动细胞周期不可逆转地前进，导致DNA合成。这篇综述将侧重于控制哺乳动物RB家族蛋白在细胞周期控制中的调控和活性的基本生物化学和细胞生物学。

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