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Influence of the built environment on design fires

机译：建筑环境对设计火灾的影响

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Design fires are often used to the evaluate performance based designs by fire protection engineers all over the world and can be an invaluable tool if used properly. One potential big issue however is the fact that the exact same design fire is recommended by authorities in similar building types despite the fact that some building characteristics, such as building material, can differ greatly. This paper focused on investigating several key characteristics of a building (building material, openings, room floor area size and ceiling height) and its effect on the design fire using computational fluid dynamics. When well to moderately insulating materials was used the design fire growth rate and maximum heat release rate was in many cases significantly increased, especially if the room was well ventilated, the ceiling height was relatively low and the room floor area was moderate. However, using thermally thin materials (steel sheet) or materials with large heat storing capacity (concrete) very little change was seen on the growth rate or maximum heat release rate. In conclusion it was recommended that one should take precaution when using recommended design fires in buildings with certain characteristics since it potentially can overestimate the safety in such case.
机译：世界各地的消防工程师经常将设计火灾用于评估基于性能的设计，如果使用得当，它可以成为无价的工具。然而，一个潜在的大问题是，尽管某些建筑特征（例如建筑材料）可能相差很大，但当局还是建议类似建筑物类型使用完全相同的设计火灾。本文重点研究建筑物的几个关键特征（建筑材料，开口，房间建筑面积大小和天花板高度）及其对建筑物火灾的影响（使用计算流体力学）。当使用良好到中度绝缘的材料时，设计火灾的发生率和最大放热率在许多情况下会显着增加，尤其是如果房间通风良好，天花板高度相对较低并且房间地板面积适中。但是，使用薄热材料（钢板）或蓄热能力大（混凝土）的材料，增长率或最大放热率变化很小。总之，建议在具有某些特征的建筑物中使用建议的设计火灾时，应采取预防措施，因为在这种情况下可能会高估安全性。

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