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Treatment of Wastewater to Meet the Requirements for Cooling Water Systems in Jordan’s Nuclear Plants

机译：处理废水以满足约旦核电厂冷却水系统的要求

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Scaling and corrosion associated with the use of natural hard water in cooling towers during recirculation pose great problems from both economical and technical points of view, such as decreased system efficiency and increased frequency of chemical cleaning. Treated municipal wastewater (MWW) is a promising alternative to freshwater as power plant cooling system makeup water, especially in arid regions. In this work, hybrid systems of salt precipitation (SP), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated, as potential pretreatment processes for wastewater reuse as cooling water in the planned Jordan nuclear power plants. The As-Samra wastewater was used to calculate the potential of carbonate and sulfate scale formation. The results were compared to scale potentials from Palo Verde wastewater. Four cases were investigated; SP, NF, SP-RO and NF-RO. The SP pretreatment cases showed the highest monovalent to divalent ratio because of a high removal of Ca and Mg and addition of Na from the chemicals of the SP step. The NF pretreatment cases, showed the lowest calcium sulfate scale potential and this potential decreases with the % pretreatment. The scale amount increases very slightly with concentration times when the SP and NF product is desalinated by RO step.
机译：从经济和技术的角度来看，在再循环期间在冷却塔中使用天然硬水引起的结垢和腐蚀都带来了很大的问题，例如系统效率降低和化学清洗频率增加。经过处理的市政废水（MWW）是发电厂冷却系统补给水的有希望的替代淡水的方法，特别是在干旱地区。在这项工作中，研究了盐沉淀（SP），纳滤（NF）和反渗透（RO）的混合系统，作为在计划中的约旦核电站中废水作为冷却水回用的潜在预处理方法。 As-Samra废水用于计算碳酸盐和硫酸盐结垢的潜力。将结果与Palo Verde废水的规模潜力进行了比较。调查了四例; SP，NF，SP-RO和NF-RO。 SP预处理案例显示出最高的单价与二价比，这是因为从SP步骤的化学物质中去除了较高的Ca和Mg以及添加了Na。 NF预处理案例显示出最低的硫酸钙垢电位，并且该电位随％预处理而降低。当SP和NF产物通过RO步骤脱盐时，水垢量随浓缩时间的增加而略有增加。

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