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Assessing the resilient provision of ecosystem services by social-ecological systems: introduction and theory

机译：评估社会生态系统对生态系统服务的弹性提供：介绍和理论

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The concepts of resilience and ecosystem services broaden the opportunities for assessing sustainability of social-ecological systems (SESs). The lack of operational frameworks for assessing the resilient provision of ecosystem services by SESs impedes greater integration of resilience thinking in natural resource governance. The greatest challenge so far has been to understand the capacity of the SES to (re)organize itself and sustain the flow of benefits from nature to people under various global and local pressures and trade-offs between ecosystem services users. To assess the resilience of an SES within a single framework, we propose a new approach which is a combination of: (1) the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework; (2) social-ecological indicators; and (3) scenario building. Practical application of the approach is demonstrated with the example of European polar and altitudinal treeline areas. The DPSIR framework analyzes causal relationships between the components of the SES. Social-ecological indicators quantify processes in the SES and estimate trends in the DPSIR factors. Combined top-down and bottom-up scenarios envision plausible development paths of the SES in the future based on expected global environmental and social changes which create context specific dynamics between DPSIR factors at specific localities. The proposed approach represents the analytical framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action SENSFOR (Enhancing the resilience capacity of SENSitive mountain FORest ecosystems under environmental change) and can be applied to promote systemic resilience thinking in any SES.
机译：复原力和生态系统服务的概念拓宽了评估社会生态系统（SESs）可持续性的机会。缺乏评估SES能够弹性提供生态系统服务的业务框架，这阻碍了将复原力思维更多地整合到自然资源治理中。迄今为止，最大的挑战是了解SES在各种全球和本地压力以及生态系统服务用户之间的权衡取舍下（重新）组织自身并维持自然惠益流向人类的能力。为了评估SES在单个框架内的弹性，我们提出了一种新方法，该方法结合了以下几个方面：（1）驱动程序-压力-状态-冲击-响应（DPSIR）框架; （2）社会生态指标; （3）情景构建。以欧洲极地和海拔树线区域为例，演示了该方法的实际应用。 DPSIR框架分析了SES组件之间的因果关系。社会生态指标量化了SES中的过程，并估计了DPSIR因素中的趋势。自上而下和自下而上的组合情景基于预期的全球环境和社会变化，构想了SES未来可能的发展路径，这些变化将在特定地点的DPSIR因子之间产生因上下文而异的动态。拟议的方法代表了欧洲科学技术合作（COST）行动SENSFOR（增强环境变化下敏感山区森林生态系统的复原力）的分析框架，可用于促进任何SES中的系统复原力思维。

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