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Distribution and ecological risks of toxic metals in the topsoils in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana

机译：加纳库马西大都市表层土壤中有毒金属的分布和生态风险

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The distribution, and ecological risks due to toxic metals in topsoils of an urban commercial centre of Kumasi metropolis were determined. Concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were initially screened using field portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer prior to confirmation on an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. The results from the two instruments correlated well with high linearity (R ~(2)??0.70). Concentrations of metals were in the order: Fe (45246.15?mg/kg)??Mn (347.86?mg/kg)??Zn (176.40?mg/kg)??V (173.10?mg/kg)??Cr (125.12?mg/kg)??Pb (53.47?mg/kg)??Ni (43.16?mg/kg)??Cu (39.85?mg/kg)??As (4.59?mg/kg)??Sn (3.69?mg/kg)??Cd (0.46?mg/kg)??Hg (0.28?mg/kg). Multivariate and geostatistical analyses exploring various hazard indices such as geo-accumulation, contamination, pollution load and ecological risks all suggest contamination of the topsoils with toxic metals and that the contamination due to Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr and Zn is mainly derived from anthropogenic origins whereas, As, Hg, Mn, V, Sn and Cd contaminations are attributable mainly to geological and atmospheric depositions. Contamination factor (CF) suggests that the topsoils were considerably contaminated (CF 3–6) with Zn, moderately contaminated (CF 1–3) with Ni, Hg, V, Sn and Cd and least contaminated (CF??1) with As, Pb, Cu, Cr and Mn. In general, the soils were found to be moderately contaminated (average contamination factor (1?≤?CF??3) with toxic metals and may pose both human and ecological risks.
机译：确定了库马西大都市城市商业中心表层土壤中有毒金属的分布和生态风险。首先使用现场便携式X射线荧光光谱仪筛选样品中的重金属浓度，然后在电感耦合等离子体质谱仪上进行确认。两种仪器的结果都与高线性度相关（（2）≥0.70）。金属的浓度顺序为：Fe（45246.15？mg / kg）？>？Mn（347.86？mg / kg）？>？Zn（176.40？mg / kg）？>？V（173.10？mg / kg）？ >？Cr（125.12？mg / kg）？>？Pb（53.47？mg / kg）？>？Ni（43.16？mg / kg）？>？Cu（39.85？mg / kg）？>？As（4.59？毫克/千克）>？锡（3.69？毫克/千克）镉（0.46？毫克/千克）>？汞（0.28？毫克/千克）。多变量和地统计学分析探讨了各种危险指数，例如地质累积，污染，污染负荷和生态风险，都表明表土受到有毒金属污染，而铅，铜，镍，铬和锌造成的污染主要来自人为砷，汞，锰，钒，锡和镉的污染主要归因于地质和大气沉积。污染因子（CF）表明表层土壤被锌污染严重（CF 3–6），镍，汞，钒，锡和镉的污染程度中等（CF 1–3），而锌污染程度最小（CF3 <？1） As，Pb，Cu，Cr和Mn。通常，发现土壤受到有毒金属的中等污染（平均污染因子（1≤≤CF3≤3）），可能造成人类和生态风险。

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