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Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) study of Dhauliganga basin in the Himalaya

机译：喜马拉雅山道里甘加盆地的冰川湖爆发洪水（GLOF）研究

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Numerous glacial lakes are forming in high-altitude regions worldwide due to rise in temperature. Some of them may burst i.e. Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) may occur causing loss of lives, properties and infrastructures in downstream areas. Thus, GLOF study is necessary to understand its threat and save or minimise the imminent losses. In the present study, the highest dangerous glacial lake of Dhauliganga basin in the Himalaya has been considered with a view to estimate the GLOF hydrograph just downstream of the lake and the routed GLOF hydrograph near Dhauliganga Stage-I Dam. The Glacial lake L2 (Latitude 30~(o)26′45″ E and Longitude 80~(o)23′16″ N) is the highest potentially dangerous lake, whose maximum surface area was 132,300?m~(2) acquired on 16 September 2009. GLOF has been simulated for Glacial lake L2 for its maximum volume 2?×?10~(6)?m~(3), by the model prepared with the help of hydraulic software such as HEC-RAS. Results by the model have been compared with the results got by the popular empirical formulae. In average condition, the GLOF hydrograph peak just downstream of Glacial lake L2 is 2,021 cumec and the same is 4,272 cumec in worst condition. The GLOF hydrograph has been routed from Glacial lake L2 to Dhauliganga Stage-I Dam covering a distance around 72?km. In average condition, routed GLOF hydrograph peak near Dhauliganga Stage-I Dam including 100-year return period flood 1,700 cumec is 3,047 cumec at 2?h 01?min and the same is 3,253 cumec at 1?h 46?min in worst condition.
机译：由于温度升高，世界各地的高海拔地区都形成了许多冰川湖泊。其中一些可能会爆炸，即可能发生冰川湖爆发洪水（GLOF），导致下游地区生命，财产和基础设施的损失。因此，GLOF研究对于了解其威胁并保存或最小化即将发生的损失非常必要。在本研究中，考虑了喜马拉雅山道里甘加盆地最高危险的冰川湖，以估计湖下游的GLOF水文图和Dhauliganga Stage-I Dam附近的路线GLOF水文图。冰川湖L2（东经30〜（o）26′45″，经度80〜（o）23′16″ N）是最高的潜在危险湖泊，其最大表面积为132,300？m〜（2）。 2009年9月16日。通过使用液压软件（例如HEC-RAS）准备的模型，对冰川湖L2的最大容积2？×？10〜（6）？m〜（3）进行了GLOF模拟。该模型的结果已与流行的经验公式得出的结果进行了比较。在平均条件下，冰川湖L2下游的GLOF水文峰为2,021立方公尺，在最差条件下为4,272立方公尺。 GLOF水文图已从冰川湖L2路由到Dhauliganga Stage-I大坝，航程约72公里。在平均情况下，包括100年恢复期洪水在内的Dhauliganga一级大坝附近的GLOF水文路线峰值在2？h 01？min时为3,047 cumec，在最恶劣条件下1？h 46？min时为3,253 cumec。

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