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Community perspectives on the environmental impacts of Arctic shipping: Case studies from Russia, Norway and Canada

机译：社区对北极航运的环境影响的看法：来自俄罗斯，挪威和加拿大的案例研究

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Communities across the Arctic are experiencing growth in transiting, destination and domestic ship traffic. Environmental impacts resulting from Arctic shipping have been well documented, but little is known about how these impacts affect livelihoods and adaptive capacity of the local communities that are reliant on their natural landscapes. Given the heterogeneity of the Arctic, this study applied a community-based approach to empirically assess the impacts of shipping on the environment. Interviews were conducted in three island communities: Solovetsky in Russia (n?=?24), Longyearbyen on Svalbard, Norway (n?=?22) and Cambridge Bay, Canadian Arctic (n?=?24). Despite differences in the trends of shipping activities that occur in each of the case study communities, there was consensus regarding significant environmental impacts from ship traffic on the natural environment, and that these in turn present a great concern for community livelihoods. The concerns differ greatly among the three communities and depended on the local context and perceptions and use of the natural environment. We conclude that the natural environment represents a salient determinant of adaptive capacity in the context of growing ship traffic across the Arctic. Moreover, this context-dependent determinant varies in the way it is perceived across case communities.
机译：北极地区的社区在过境运输，目的地运输和国内船舶运输方面都在增长。北极航运对环境的影响已有充分的文献记载，但对于这些影响如何影响依赖自然景观的当地社区的生计和适应能力知之甚少。考虑到北极地区的多样性，这项研究采用了基于社区的方法，以实证评估航运对环境的影响。在三个岛屿社区进行了访谈：俄罗斯的索洛维茨基（n = 24），挪威的斯瓦尔巴特群岛的朗伊尔城（nlong = 22）和加拿大北极圈的剑桥湾（n = 24）。尽管在每个案例研究社区中，航运活动的趋势均存在差异，但对于船舶交通对自然环境的重大环境影响已达成共识，而这些反过来又引起了社区生计的极大关注。这三个社区之间的关注点差异很大，并且取决于当地背景以及对自然环境的理解和使用。我们得出结论，在横跨北极的船舶运输量不断增长的情况下，自然环境是适应能力的重要决定因素。此外，这种取决于上下文的决定因素在案例社区中的理解方式也有所不同。

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