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Molecular Thermodynamics for Cell Biology as Taught with Boxes

机译:盒装教学法的细胞生物学分子热力学

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Thermodynamic principles are basic to an understanding of the complex fluxes of energy and information required to keep cells alive. These microscopic machines are nonequilibrium systems at the micron scale that are maintained in pseudo-steady-state conditions by very sophisticated processes. Therefore, several nonstandard concepts need to be taught to rationalize why these very ordered systems proliferate actively all over our planet in seeming contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics. We propose a model consisting of boxes with different shapes that contain small balls that are in constant motion due to a stream of air blowing from below. This is a simple macroscopic system that can be easily visualized by students and that can be understood as mimicking the behavior of a set of molecules exchanging energy. With such boxes, the basic concepts of entropy, enthalpy, and free energy can be taught while reinforcing a molecular understanding of the concepts and stressing the stochastic nature of the thermodynamic laws. In addition, time-related concepts, such as reaction rates and activation energy, can be readily visualized. Moreover, the boxes provide an intuitive way to introduce the role in cellular organization of “information” and Maxwell's demons operating under nonequilibrium conditions.
机译:热力学原理是理解维持细胞存活所需的复杂能量和信息通量的基础。这些显微机器是微米级的非平衡系统,通过非常复杂的过程可将其维持在伪稳态条件下。因此,需要教导一些非标准的概念来合理化为什么这些非常有序的系统在我们的星球上活跃地扩散,这似乎与热力学第二定律相矛盾。我们提出了一个模型,该模型由具有不同形状的盒子组成,这些盒子包含由于从下方吹来的气流而不断运动的小球。这是一个简单的宏观系统,学生可以很容易地看到它,并且可以理解为模仿一组交换能量的分子的行为。使用这样的盒子,可以教授熵,焓和自由能的基本概念,同时加强对这些概念的分子理解,并强调热力学定律的随机性质。另外,与时间有关的概念,例如反应速率和活化能,可以很容易地看到。而且,这些盒子提供了一种直观的方式来介绍“信息”在细胞组织中的作用以及在非平衡条件下工作的麦克斯韦恶魔。

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