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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Open >The torso-like gene functions to maintain the structure of the vitelline membrane in Nasonia vitripennis, implying its co-option into Drosophila axis formation
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The torso-like gene functions to maintain the structure of the vitelline membrane in Nasonia vitripennis, implying its co-option into Drosophila axis formation

机译：躯干样基因的功能是维持拟南芥中卵黄膜的结构，这意味着它可以共同进入果蝇轴的形成。

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Axis specification is a fundamental developmental process. Despite this, the mechanisms by which it is controlled across insect taxa are strikingly different. An excellent example of this is terminal patterning, which in Diptera such asDrosophila melanogasteroccurs via the localized activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso. In Hymenoptera, however, the same process appears to be achieved via localized mRNA.How these mechanisms evolved and what they evolved from remains largely unexplored. Here, we show thattorso-like, known for its role inDrosophilaterminal patterning, is instead required for the integrity of the vitelline membrane in the hymenopteran waspNasonia vitripennis. We find that other genes known to be involved inDrosophilaterminal patterning, such astorsoandPtth, also do not function inNasoniaembryonic development. These findings extended to orthologues ofDrosophilavitelline membrane proteins known to play a role in localizing Torso-like inDrosophila; inNasoniathese are instead required for dorso–ventral patterning, gastrulation and potentially terminal patterning. Our data underscore the importance of the vitelline membrane in insect development, and implies phenotypes caused by knockdown oftorso-likemust be interpreted in light of its function in the vitelline membrane. In addition, our data imply that the signalling components of theDrosophilaterminal patterning systems were co-opted from roles in regulating moulting, and co-option into terminal patterning involved the evolution of a novel interaction with the vitelline membrane protein Torso-like.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
机译：轴规格是一个基本的开发过程。尽管如此，在昆虫分类群中控制它的机制却截然不同。一个很好的例子是末端构图，它在双翅目中如黑腹果蝇通过受体酪氨酸激酶Torso的局部活化而发生。然而，在膜翅目中，似乎可以通过局部mRNA来实现相同的过程，但这些机制如何进化以及它们的进化机制很大程度上尚待探索。在这里，我们显示以果蝇终端图案中的角色而闻名的躯干状，是膜翅目黄蜂黄粉虫中卵黄质膜完整性的必要条件。我们发现，其他已知与果蝇末端模式有关的基因，如torso和Ptth，在纳森尼亚胚胎发育中也不起作用。这些发现扩展到果蝇avitelline膜蛋白的直向同源物，已知该蛋白在果蝇中定位躯干样。相反，在Nasonia中，这些需要进行背腹式构图，胃形成和可能的终末构图。我们的数据强调了卵黄膜在昆虫发育中的重要性，并暗示必须根据其在卵黄膜中的功能来解释由躯干样敲低引起的表型。此外，我们的数据表明果蝇末端构图系统的信号传导成分是在调节蜕皮作用中被共同选择的，而共同选择进入末端构图则涉及与卵黄蛋白膜蛋白Torso-like相互作用的新型进化。与论文的第一作者相关的第一人称访谈。

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