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Intron Retention and TE Exonization Events inZRANB2

机译:ZRANB2中的内含子保留和TE异化事件

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The Zinc finger, RAN-binding domain-containing protein 2 (ZRANB2), contains arginine/serine-rich (RS) domains that mediate its function in the regulation of alternative splicing. TheZRANB2gene contains 2 LINE elements (L3b, Plat_L3) between the 9th and 10th exons. We identified the exonization event of a LINE element (Plat_L3). Using genomic PCR, RT-PCR amplification, and sequencing of primate DNA and RNA samples, we analyzed the evolutionary features ofZRANB2transcripts. The results indicated that 2 of the LINE elements were integrated in human and all of the tested primate samples (hominoids: 3 species; Old World monkey: 8 species; New World monkey: 6 species; prosimian: 1 species). Human, rhesus monkey, crab-eating monkey, African-green monkey, and marmoset harbor the exon derived from LINE element (Plat_L3). RT-PCR amplification revealed the long transcripts and their differential expression patterns. Intriguingly, these long transcripts were abundantly expressed in Old World monkey lineages (rhesus, crab-eating, and African-green monkeys) and were expressed via intron retention (IR). Thus, theZRANB2gene produces 3 transcript variants in which the Cterminus varies by transposable elements (TEs) exonization and IR mechanisms. Therefore,ZRANB2is valuable for investigating the evolutionary mechanisms of TE exonization and IR during primate evolution.
机译:锌指,含RAN结合域的蛋白质2(ZRANB2),包含精氨酸/富含丝氨酸(RS)的域,在调节选择性剪接中介导其功能。 ZRANB2基因在第9个外显子和第10个外显子之间包含2个LINE元素(L3b,Plat_L3)。我们确定了LINE元素(Plat_L3)的外显事件。利用基因组PCR,RT-PCR扩增以及灵长类DNA和RNA样品的测序,我们分析了ZRANB2转录本的进化特征。结果表明,LINE元素中有2种已整合到人类和所有测试的灵长类动物样本中(类人动物:3种;旧世界猴:8种;新大陆猴:6种; prosimian:1种)。人,恒河猴,食蟹的猴,非洲绿猴和mar猴都藏有源自LINE元素(Plat_L3)的外显子。 RT-PCR扩增显示长转录本及其差异表达模式。有趣的是,这些长转录本在旧世界猴谱系(恒河猴,食蟹和非洲绿猴)中大量表达,并通过内含子保留(IR)表达。因此,ZRANB2基因产生3个转录物变体,其中C末端因转座因子(TEs)外显子化和IR机制而变化。因此,ZRANB2对于研究灵长类动物进化过程中TE外显子化和IR的进化机制具有重要意义。

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