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首页> 外文期刊>Biology Open >Thermal acclimation in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, leads to faster myotomal muscle contractile properties and improved swimming performance
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Thermal acclimation in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, leads to faster myotomal muscle contractile properties and improved swimming performance

机译：彩虹熔炉Osmerus mordax的热适应可导致更快的肌肌肉收缩特性并改善游泳性能

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Rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) display an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water temperatures. These fish express both anti-freeze proteins and glycerol in their plasma, liver, muscle and other tissues to avoid freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Maintenance of glycerol levels requires active feeding in very cold water. To understand how these fish can maintain activity at cold temperatures, we explored thermal acclimation by the myotomal muscle of smelt exposed to cold water. We hypothesized that cold-acclimated fish would show enhanced swimming ability due to shifts in muscle contractile properties. We also predicted that shifts in swimming performance would be associated with changes in the expression patterns of muscle proteins such as parvalbumin (PV) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Swimming studies show significantly faster swimming by smelt acclimated to 5°C compared to fish acclimated to 20°C when tested at a common test temperature of 10°C. The cold-acclimated fish also had faster muscle contractile properties, such as a maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) almost double that of warm-acclimated fish at the same test temperature. Cold-acclimation is associated with a modest increase in PV levels in the swimming muscle. Fluorescence microscopy using anti-MyHC antibodies suggests that MyHC expression in the myotomal muscle may shift in response to exposure to cold water. The complex set of physiological responses that comprise cold-acclimation in smelt includes modifications in muscle function to permit active locomotion in cold water.
机译：彩虹熔炼（Osmerus mordax）表现出令人印象深刻的能力，可以适应非常冷的水温。这些鱼在血浆，肝脏，肌肉和其他组织中同时表达抗冻蛋白和甘油，以避免在零度以下的温度下冻结。保持甘油水平需要在非常冷的水中主动喂食。为了了解这些鱼如何在寒冷的温度下保持活性，我们探索了暴露于冷水的熔体的肌肌热适应过程。我们假设，由于肌肉收缩特性的改变，冷适应的鱼会显示出增强的游泳能力。我们还预测游泳性能的变化将与肌肉蛋白（如小白蛋白（PV）和肌球蛋白重链（MyHC））的表达模式变化有关。游泳研究表明，在10°C的普通测试温度下进行测试时，与适应20°C的鱼类相比，适应5°C的熔炼的游泳速度显着提高。在相同的测试温度下，冷驯化的鱼还具有更快的肌肉收缩特性，例如最大缩短速度（Vmax）几乎是温驯化的鱼的两倍。冷适应与游泳肌肉中PV水平的适度增加有关。使用抗MyHC抗体的荧光显微镜检查表明，肌成肌中MyHC的表达可能会因暴露于冷水而发生变化。包括冶炼过程中的冷适应在内的复杂的生理反应包括肌肉功能的改变，以允许冷水中的主动运动。

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