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A function for the midbody remnant in embryonic patterning

机译：中体残留在胚胎构图中的功能

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Asymmetric cell divisions combine cell division with fate specification and one general model of how this is achieved was proposed already decades ago~(1,2): During interphase, the cell polarity axis is specified, followed by orientation of the spindle along the polarity axis and segregation of fate determinants along the polarity axis during mitosis. In most cells, the polarity axis and the spindle will usually align with the long axis that the cell had before division, also called Hertwig’s rule~(3–6). In the C. elegans embryo, the first polarity axis also forms along the long axis of the embryo by enrichment of myosin in the anterior~(7) and formation of mutually exclusive anterior and posterior cortical polarity domains, mediated through directional cortical contractile flow~(8–10). The directionality of this flow is determined by an extrinsic cue, the entry of the sperm, which inhibits Rho-dependent myosin activation at the future posterior pole by bringing with it the Rho GTPase activating protein CYK-4~(11,12). Moreover, since there is no previous division ‘history’ before the first cleavage, mechanisms have to ensure that the nucleus-centrosome complex undergoes a 90 degree rotation so that the spindle can subsequently elongate along the long axis~(13–15). Additional mechanisms ensure that the site of cleavage is perpendicular to the long axis~(16,17). Hence, tight coupling of an extrinsic cue to intrinsic polarity formation and spindle elongation enables alignment of the division orientation with the long axis of the organism and successful segregation of fate determinants.
机译：不对称细胞分裂将细胞分裂与命运规范结合在一起，几十年前就已经提出了一种实现该目标的通用模型〜（1,2）：在相间，指定了细胞极性轴，然后沿着主轴沿极性轴定向在有丝分裂期间沿着极性轴的命运决定因素的分离。在大多数细胞中，极性轴和纺锤通常会与细胞分裂前的长轴对齐，也称为赫特维格定律〜（3-6）。在秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎中，第一极性轴也通过在前〜（7）中富集肌球蛋白并通过方向性皮质介导的互斥的前，后皮质极性域的形成而沿胚胎的长轴形成。收缩流量〜（8-10）。这种流动的方向性是由外部信号决定的，即精子的进入，它通过带入Rho GTPase活化蛋白CYK-4〜（11,12）来抑制Rho依赖的肌球蛋白在以后的后极的活化。此外，由于在第一次切割之前没有先前的“历史”划分，因此机制必须确保核-中心体复合体经历90度旋转，以使纺锤随后可以沿长轴方向伸长（13-15）。附加机制可确保卵裂的部位垂直于长轴〜（16,17）。因此，外部线索与固有极性形成和纺锤体伸长的紧密结合使得分裂方向与生物体的长轴对齐，并成功分离了命运决定因素。

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