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The Involvement of Autophagy Pathway in Exaggerated Ischemic Brain Damage in Diabetic Mice

机译:自噬途径参与糖尿病小鼠过度缺血性脑损伤的过程

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Summary Background Patients with Diabetes are at greater risk for ischemic stroke and usually suffer more severe ischemic brain damage than nondiabetic patients. However, the underlying mechanism of the exaggerated injury is not well defined. Aims Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy in this report) plays a key role in cellular homeostasis and may contribute to cell death as well. Our aim was to determine whether autophagy was involved in the enhanced susceptibility of diabetic brain cells to ischemic injury and explore it as a possible target for the treatment of stroke in a diabetic condition. Results A type II diabetic mouse model generated by combined administration of streptozotocin and nicotinamide showed enlarged infarct volume, increased cell death and excessive blood–brain barrier ( BBB ) disruption compared with nondiabetic stroke mice. After ischemic stroke, both diabetic and nondiabetic mice showed enhanced autophagosome formation and autophagic flux as demonstrated by increased expression of autophagy signals Beclin 1, microtubule‐associated protein light‐chain II ( LC 3‐ II ), and decreased autophagy‐specific substrate p62. The increased autophagic activity was significantly higher in diabetic stroke mice than that in nondiabetic stroke mice. The autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐ MA ) attenuated the exaggerated brain injury and improved functional recovery. Conclusions These data suggest that autophagy contributes to exacerbated brain injury in diabetic condition, and autophagy‐mediated cell death may be a therapeutic target in diabetic stroke.
机译:背景技术与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者患缺血性中风的风险更大,并且通常遭受更严重的缺血性脑损伤。但是,夸大伤害的潜在机制尚不明确。目的宏观自噬(在本报告中以下称自噬)在细胞体内平衡中起关键作用,并且也可能导致细胞死亡。我们的目的是确定自噬是否与糖尿病脑细胞对缺血性损伤的敏感性增强有关,并将其作为糖尿病性中风治疗的可能靶标。结果与非糖尿病性中风小鼠相比,链脲佐菌素和烟酰胺联合给药产生的II型糖尿病小鼠模型显示梗塞体积增大,细胞死亡增加和血脑屏障(BBB)破坏过多。缺血性中风后,糖尿病小鼠和非糖尿病小鼠均显示出自噬小体形成和自噬通量增加,这表现为自噬信号Beclin 1的表达增加,微管相关蛋白轻链II(LC 3-II)和自噬特异性底物p62减少。糖尿病性中风小鼠的自噬活性明显高于非糖尿病性中风小鼠。自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)减轻了过度的脑损伤并改善了功能恢复。结论这些数据表明,自噬会加剧糖尿病患者的脑损伤,而自噬介导的细胞死亡可能是糖尿病性卒中的治疗目标。

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