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首页> 外文期刊>Acta Agronomica >Temporal progress of rust and reduced leaf area and yield components in soybean grain
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Temporal progress of rust and reduced leaf area and yield components in soybean grain

机译：大豆籽粒锈病的时空进程及叶片面积和产量成分的减少

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The harvest of the year 2009-10 of soybean crop in Southern Brazil occurred under higher intensity of soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow y Sydow), which allowed studies on disease progress and crop reduction. A field experiment with 64 plots (2.7 x 5 m) of the cultivar Glycine max L. (Nidera 5909 RG) sown on 5/Dec/2009 was used for the evaluations. Disease gradients were obtained by spraying the fungicides tebuconazol or epoxiconazol + pyraclostrobin once, twice or three times, at different plant growth stages. Disease progress was assessed as number of lesions and urédias and later converted into percent severity (%). The leaf area index (LAI) was measured at the full pod filling stage and the grain yield components at the harvest. The final disease severity was over 50% on non-sprayed plots. There were differences in disease severity among plant parts (lower, medium, and upper thirds), which were caused by varying initial disease, since the rates of disease progress determined by Logistic and Gompertz models were similar among thirds (0.13 to 0.14 to Logistic and 0.1 to 0.11 to Gompertz). The LAI varied from 1.96 on non-treated plots to 4.4 on the standard treatment with four sprays of epoxiconazol + pyraclostrobin. Disease control programs with two or three sprays began at the phenological stage V9 resulted in higher LAI and higher grain weight on the upper third. The number of pods or grains per plant and the number of grains per pod did not differ among treatments. There was only difference in weight of the upper grain, when fungicides were applied two or three times from phenological stage V9.
机译：巴西南部2009-10年度大豆作物的收获发生在较高的大豆锈病强度下（Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow y Sydow），这使人们能够进行疾病进展和减产研究。 2009年5月12日播种的64个样地（2.7 x 5 m）的Glycine max L.（Nidera 5909 RG）品种用于田间试验。通过在不同的植物生长阶段喷洒一次，两次或三次的杀真菌剂戊丁唑或环孢唑+吡咯菌酯获得病害梯度。根据病变和尿道炎的数量评估疾病的进展，然后转换为严重程度百分比（％）。在整个荚果灌装阶段测量叶面积指数（LAI），在收获时测量谷物产量成分。在未喷洒的地块上，最终的疾病严重程度超过50％。由于初始疾病的变化，植物部位（下部，中部和上部三分之一）的病害严重程度存在差异，这是因为由Logistic和Gompertz模型确定的疾病进展速度在三分之二之间相似（Logistic和0.14分别为0.13至0.14）。 0.1至0.11至Gompertz）。 LAI从未处理地块的1.96到标准处理（四次喷洒环氧环唑+唑菌胺酯）的4.4。在物候阶段V9开始使用两次或三次喷雾的疾病控制程序，导致较高的LAI和较高的三分之一的谷粒重量。每种处理的豆荚或谷物的数量以及每个豆荚的谷物数量没有差异。从物候期V9施用2到3次杀菌剂后，上部谷物的重量仅有差异。

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