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首页> 外文期刊>ACS Omega >Novel Approach for Sandstone Acidizing Using in Situ-Generated Hydrofluoric Acid with the Aid of Thermochemicals
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Novel Approach for Sandstone Acidizing Using in Situ-Generated Hydrofluoric Acid with the Aid of Thermochemicals

机译：借助热化学试剂原位生成的氢氟酸酸化砂岩的新方法

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In this study, an in situ-generated hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used for sandstone acidizing, where an acid precursor (ammonium fluoride NH4F) reacted with a suitable oxidizer (sodium bromates NaBrO3) in an exothermic reaction. First, the new chemical mixture was prepared to react with pure quartz samples and the reaction effluent was analyzed to identify the presence of Si+ ions using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. Core flooding experiments were performed using Gray Berea sandstone cores (6 in. length and 1.5 in. diameter). A preflush stage of 5 PV of 7 wt % HCl was injected to remove any calcite content in the core. The main chemicals were then flushed for 3 successive cycles of 1 PV each. To assure core integrity, scratch tests and NMR scans were run on the core sample before and after the treatment. The new chemical mixture could dissolve the quartz sample and reduce its weight by 80 mg. The concentration of the dissolved Si+ ions was more than 90 ppm. This proves the capability of the chemical mixture to generate HF. The initial core permeability was measured at a stabilized flow rate of 2 cm3/min to be 33 mD. After the acid preflush stage, the core permeability reduced to 31 mD. Core permeability increased immediately after the first treatment cycle and reached 41 mD. At the end, the core flooding results showed a permeability improvement for Gray Berea sandstone cores by almost 40%. The ICP analysis of the effluent showed a total amount of chelated Si+ ions of about 10.5 mg. In addition to the high temperature generated in the near-wellbore area, the pressure increased because of the produced nitrogen gas from the exothermic reaction and reached about 600 psi. The scratch test showed an increase in the sample uniaxial compressive strength from 7432 to 9235 psi. The dynamic Poisson’s ratio and the dynamic Young’s modulus increased as well from 0.17 to 0.19 and from 2159 to 3585 ksi, respectively. The enhancement in the mechanical properties of the core can be attributed to the presence of the potassium element in Berea cores and its solidification reaction with the HF generated. The NMR measurements of the core sample before and after the acidizing process show an increase in the core porosity; however, the core preserved its original pore system. Upon application of this new stimulation technology, the true production potential of sandstone reservoirs can be achieved, well tubular corrosion will be minimized, and handling hazardous chemicals such as HF will be avoided. Most importantly, controlling the reaction rate, by controlling the amount of exothermic chemicals, can ensure deep acid penetration as well.
机译：在这项研究中，原位生成的氢氟酸（HF）用于砂岩酸化，其中酸前体（氟化铵NH4F）在放热反应中与合适的氧化剂（溴酸钠NaBrO3）反应。首先，准备新的化学混合物以与纯石英样品反应，并使用感应耦合等离子体（ICP）技术分析反应流出物以鉴定Si +离子的存在。使用Grey Berea砂岩岩心（长度为6英寸，直径为1.5英寸）进行岩心驱油实验。注入了5 PV的7 wt％HCl的预冲洗阶段，以除去岩心中的方解石含量。然后将主要化学品冲洗3次，每次1 PV。为确保岩心完整性，在处理之前和之后对岩心样品进行刮擦测试和NMR扫描。新的化学混合物可以溶解石英样品，并减轻其重量80毫克。溶解的Si +离子的浓度大于90 ppm。这证明了化学混合物产生HF的能力。在2 cm3 / min的稳定流速下测得的初始岩心渗透率为33 mD。在酸预冲洗阶段之后，岩心渗透率降低至31 mD。在第一个治疗周期后，岩心渗透率立即增加，达到41 mD。最后，岩心驱油结果表明，Gray Berea砂岩岩心的渗透率提高了近40％。流出物的ICP分析表明，螯合的Si +离子总量约为10.5 mg。除了在近井眼区域中产生的高温外，由于放热反应产生的氮气，压力增加，达到约600 psi。划痕试验表明样品单轴抗压强度从7432 psi增加到9235 psi。动态泊松比和动态杨氏模量也分别从0.17增加到0.19，从2159 ksi增加到3585 ksi。核心机械性能的提高可以归因于Berea核心中钾元素的存在及其与生成的HF的固化反应。在酸化过程之前和之后，岩心样品的NMR测量表明岩心孔隙率增加;然而，核心保留了其原始的孔隙系统。应用这种新的增产技术，可以实现砂岩油藏的真正生产潜力，最大程度地减少油井管腐蚀，并避免处理有害化学物质，例如HF。最重要的是，通过控制放热化学物质的量来控制反应速率，也可以确保深酸的渗透。

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