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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Biotechnology >Review of the biotechnology research and development (R and D) in OECD countries concerning biological drugs
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Review of the biotechnology research and development (R and D) in OECD countries concerning biological drugs

机译：审查经合组织国家有关生物药物的生物技术研发（R和D）

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摘要

The pharmaceutical industry is among high technology industries that needs considerable attention in research and development. Overall, the processes that a drug must go through from its production in the laboratory, to clinical trials on certain groups, to the drug being licensed and finally planning for its marketing makes it different to any other product.?Boosting research and development capability?in this industry as well as saving patients’ lives is also?essential in controlling the costs of importing drugs. According to this point of view, having suitable R?and?D strategies in the pharmaceutical sector becomes very important for every country. In this study, we aimed?to review?several studies concerning biological drugs R?and?D in selected countries. Since the discussions in relation to the R?and?D within the pharmaceutical sector about biological drugs come under the umbrella of innovation system of each country. By reviewing the pharmaceutical innovation system studies of selected OECD countries including Norway, Germany and Japan, we aimed?to look at the main factors in national R?and?D system, the trading system conditions, R?and?D co-operations, human resources, financial matters, entrepreneurship, the market, R?and?D policy making and coordination of different organizations and main support policies within the biological drugs system.
机译：制药业属于高科技产业，需要在研发中给予极大的关注。总体而言，药物从实验室生产到某些组的临床试验，再到获得许可的药物所必须经历的过程，最终计划其市场营销使其与其他任何产品都不一样。在控制药物进口成本方面，在这个行业中以及挽救患者生命方面也很重要。根据这种观点，在制药行业拥有合适的研发战略对每个国家都变得非常重要。在这项研究中，我们旨在“回顾”某些国家中有关生物药物R和D的几项研究。由于在制药领域有关生物药物研发的讨论归入每个国家的创新体系。通过回顾包括挪威，德国和日本在内的某些经合组织国家的药物创新体系研究，我们旨在“研究国家R＆D系统的主要因素，贸易体系条件，R＆D合作，人力资源，财务事项，企业家精神，市场，研发政策以及不同组织的协调以及生物药物系统内的主要支持政策。

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