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Natural rubber producing plants: An overview

机译：天然橡胶生产厂：概述

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Currently,?Hevea brasiliensis?has been only one resource for commercial natural rubber production.?Rubber tree,?H. brasiliensis?(Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg., commonly known as the Brazilian rubber tree is native to the Amazon River basin.Attempts to develop alternative sources of natural rubber have been made at various times and no fewer than eight botanical families, 300 genera and 2500 species have been found to produce natural rubber in their latex. Only two species, in addition to the Para rubber tree, are known to produce large amounts of rubber with high molecular weight: a shrub named guayule (Parthenium?argentatum?Gray) and the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum?koksaghyz). These plants were considered sufficiently promising as alternative rubber sources that several research programs have been conducted on these plants, especially during World War II.?Hevea?rubber has been an undeniably beneficial commodity for the past 100 years.?The superior qualities of the natural elastomers produced by this tree have never been surpassed by any of the synthetic products.?Parthenium argentatum?(guayule) is an industrial crop, which is the best potential source of latex suitable for use in medical products, gloves etc., which does not cause allergic reactions in patients suffering from Type 1 latex allergy.The dandelion rubber will be tested for use in a variety of applications, but primarily for use in tires. Researchers hope the project will lead to the production of the country's first dandelion rubber commercial facility in the next five years. By 2020, they hope the plant will be producing 60 million pounds of natural rubber.?Other alternative rubber producing plants like lettuce (Lactuca serriola) and fig tree (Ficus bengalensis); have not yet been sufficiently studied to establish their usability. The ideal rubber-producing crop would be fast growing plant species that can grow in any type of land across the world. The major objective of this review was to provide the information about cultivation, genetics and breeding aspects of?Hevea?and also other natural rubber producing species for alternative source of latex production in the near future.
机译：目前，“巴西橡胶树”仅是用于商业天然橡胶生产的一种资源。巴西利亚（Willd。ex A. Juss。）Muell。 Arg。，俗称巴西橡胶树，原产于亚马逊河流域，曾多次尝试开发天然橡胶的替代来源，已发现至少有八个植物科，300属和2500种乳胶中使用天然橡胶。除了Para橡胶树以外，只有两种树种可以生产大量高分子量的橡胶：灌木名为guayule（灌木）（Parthenium？argentatum？gray）和俄罗斯蒲公英（Taraxacum？koksaghyz）。这些植物被认为有足够的前途作为替代橡胶的来源，因此已经对这些植物进行了多项研究计划，特别是在第二次世界大战期间。橡胶在过去的100年中一直是无可否认的有益商品。这棵树生产的弹性体是任何合成产品都无法比拟的。“银菊”（guayule）是一种工业作物，是适用于医疗产品，手套等的乳胶的最佳潜在来源，而没有会导致患有1型乳胶过敏的患者产生过敏反应。蒲公英橡胶将经过测试可用于多种用途，但主要用于轮胎。研究人员希望该项目能够在未来五年内生产出该国首个蒲公英橡胶商业设施。他们希望到2020年，该工厂将生产6000万磅的天然橡胶。其他替代橡胶生产工厂，如生菜（Lactuca serriola）和无花果树（Ficus bengalensis）;尚未进行充分的研究以建立其可用性。理想的橡胶生产农作物是可以在世界任何类型的土地上生长的快速生长的植物。这篇综述的主要目的是在不久的将来提供有关“橡胶树”以及其他天然橡胶生产物种的栽培，遗传和育种方面的信息。

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