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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Biotechnology >Approaches to bioremediation of fossil fuel contaminated soil: An overview
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Approaches to bioremediation of fossil fuel contaminated soil: An overview

机译：化石燃料污染土壤的生物修复方法：概述

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摘要

A reliance on fossil fuels as a source of energy has resulted in the generation of pollutants which have entered the environment. Health of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms has been compromised due to activities linked to fossil fuel extraction, processing and use. Coal conversion to value added products has been investigated in an effort to reduce the cumulative effects of waste generated during mining. Clean coal technology, developed to convert coal into value added products with reduced pollution, has been a major source of liquid petroleum in South Africa. Although the conversion process, neither generates waste nor pollutes the soil environment, the final products either through accidental or deliberate spillage can have a severe and protracted impact. Biological methods for combating pollutants generated within the fossil fuels sector are preferred to mechanical or physicochemical practices. This is due to the production of non- or less toxic by-products, cost effectiveness and safety. In this manuscript, an overview of the approaches adopted and factors influencing microbial metabolism of fossil fuel contaminants in soil and water bodies is presented. In particular, emphasis is placed on bacteria as biocatalysts of choice and their ability to degrade waste coal and liquid petroleum hydrocarbons.
机译：依靠化石燃料作为能源，导致产生了进入环境的污染物。由于与化石燃料的提取，加工和使用有关的活动，人类，动物，植物和微生物的健康受到损害。为了减少采矿过程中产生的废物的累积影响，已经进行了煤炭转化为增值产品的研究。清洁煤炭技术的发展是将煤炭转化为具有减少污染的增值产品的一种技术，已成为南非液态石油的主要来源。尽管转换过程既不会产生废物，也不会污染土壤环境，但是最终产品的意外或故意泄漏可能会造成严重而持久的影响。机械，物理化学方法比生物燃料方法更适合化石燃料部门产生的污染物。这是由于产生了无毒或毒性较小的副产品，成本效益和安全性。在此手稿中，概述了所采用的方法以及影响土壤和水体中化石燃料污染物微生物代谢的因素。特别地，重点放在作为选择的生物催化剂的细菌及其降解废煤和液态石油烃的能力上。

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