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Multiple human prolactin receptors and signaling

机译:多种人类催乳激素受体和信号传导

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Human prolactin receptor (PRLR) transcripts and their protein products exhibit heterogenic structures and functions. This multiplicity constitutes a gene regulatory system. Short PRLR might modulate longer PRLR structures and signaling. Here we overviewed 10 forms (including two putative forms) of PRLR structures, signaling and functions and analyzed the possible regulatory system regarding multiple PRLRs. Particularly, we discovered that a mimic of phosphorylated prolactin induced p21 waf1 expression via a short form of PRLR S1b in prostate cancer cells. In addition, an intron retention was discovered in PRLR mRNA transcript via sequence analysis, showing that an intron encodes PRLR once needed. PRLR splicing and intron retention might be a critical modulating system to regulate PRLR structures and functions. Furthermore, PRLR genomic size was extended to 182 kb, versus the former report, 70 kb. Interestingly, dozens of PRLR-linked genes on chromosome 5 might interplay one another. This review fully uncovered the associations in PRLR multiplicity and functions, suggesting that shorter PRLR might modulate long PRLR function via multiple PRLR system in both mRNA and protein levels.
机译:人催乳素受体(PRLR)转录本及其蛋白产物显示出异源结构和功能。这种多样性构成了基因调控系统。短PRLR可能会调制较长的PRLR结构和信令。在这里,我们概述了PRLR结构,信号和功能的10种形式(包括两种推定形式),并分析了有关多个PRLR的可能的监管体系。特别是,我们发现一种磷酸化催乳激素的模拟物通过前列腺癌细胞中PRLR S1b的短形式诱导p21 waf1表达。另外,通过序列分析在PRLR mRNA转录物中发现内含子保留,表明一旦需要,内含子就编码PRLR。 PRLR剪接和内含子保留可能是调节PRLR结构和功能的关键调节系统。此外,PRLR基因组大小扩展到182 kb,而以前的报告是70 kb。有趣的是,第5号染色体上数十个与PRLR相关的基因可能会相互影响。这项审查完全揭示了PRLR多样性和功能之间的关联,表明较短的PRLR可能通过多个PRLR系统在mRNA和蛋白质水平上调节长PRLR功能。

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