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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development >The tomato industry in northern Ghana: Production constraints and strategies to improve competitiveness.
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The tomato industry in northern Ghana: Production constraints and strategies to improve competitiveness.

机译：加纳北部的番茄产业：生产限制和提高竞争力的策略。

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摘要

Market-oriented agricultural development is a way to empower smallholder farmers in developing countries who are increasingly getting involved in commodity value chains. The position of smallholder farmers in commodity value chains can be improved by enhancing their distinctive competencies. Entrepreneurs in the northern Ghana tomato industry are taking advantage of recent government policies to promote agribusiness. The competitiveness of the industry is assessed in this paper and possible pathways to empower smallholder farmers to grow from supply chain actors into value chain integrators and possibly co-owners of the tomato value chain is discussed. A three-day Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was conducted at Vea among the 2856 inhabitants living in 625 houses in 2004. The farming systems and market opportunities of tomato growing communities situated on an irrigation site were studied. The staff of the Irrigation Company of Upper Region (ICOUR) Limited who manages the irrigation site was also engaged in the focus group discussions during the PRA. Tomato production, despite being capital intensive was the main enterprise of the communities situated on the Vea irrigable lands. This typifies the other irrigation sites in northern Ghana. The root causes of the reduced levels of capital investment in tomato production were found to be the non-observance of right production techniques and absence of processing facilities in the proximity of the irrigation project. The northern Ghana tomato industry now has the potential to become competitive, and develop into a network of value chains after the former Pwalugu Tomato Factory, closed in 1990 was re-opened in 2007 under new management and a new name – Northern Star Tomato Company. This anticipated competitiveness of the revamped tomato industry in the northern part of the country was analyzed based on the Porter’s Diamond and the typologies of value chains were proposed. Building competencies of farmers or their organizations to enable them to play greater roles in chain management is recommended. It is also of the view that development workers should get farmers engaged in a few more chain activities that can enhance their position in the tomato chain to improve their livelihood. The content of the Farmer Field School concept for technology transfer could be improved to enhance the business skills of farmers and entire rural communities. This may diversify their activities into related enterprises upstream and downstream of the predominant primary production.
机译：以市场为导向的农业发展是增强发展中国家小农的能力的一种方式，这些小农越来越多地参与商品价值链。小农在商品价值链中的地位可以通过增强其独特的能力来提高。加纳北部番茄产业的企业家正在利用最近的政府政策来促进农业综合企业。本文评估了该行业的竞争力，并探讨了使小农户从供应链参与者发展成为价值链集成者以及番茄价值链的共同所有者的可能途径。 2004年，在Vea对2856名居住在625套房屋中的居民进行了为期三天的参与式农村评估（PRA）。研究了位于灌溉现场的番茄种植社区的耕作制度和市场机会。上游地区灌溉公司（ICOUR）Limited的管理灌溉地点的人员也参与了PRA期间的焦点小组讨论。番茄生产尽管需要大量资本，但却是位于Vea灌溉土地上的社区的主要企业。这代表了加纳北部的其他灌溉地点。人们发现，番茄生产资本投资水平下降的根本原因是没有遵守正确的生产技术，并且在灌溉项目附近没有加工设施。在1990年关闭的前Pwalugu番茄工厂在2007年以新的管理和新名称-Northern Star Tomato Company重新开放之后，加纳北部的番茄产业现在有潜力变得更有竞争力，并发展成为价值链网络。根据波特钻石，分析了该国北部番茄产业的预期竞争力，并提出了价值链的类型。建议提高农民或其组织的能力，使他们能够在连锁经营中发挥更大的作用。还有人认为，发展工作者应该让农民参与更多的连锁活动，这些活动可以增强他们在番茄连锁店中的地位，以改善其生计。可以改进农民田间学校技术转让概念的内容，以提高农民和整个农村社区的商业技能。这可能会将其活动分散到主要初级生产上游和下游的相关企业中。

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