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首页> 外文期刊>African Journal of Biotechnology >Symbiotic and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae from Northern Gondar, Ethiopia
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Symbiotic and phenotypic diversity of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae from Northern Gondar, Ethiopia

机译：豆科根瘤菌的共生和表型多样性。来自埃塞俄比亚北部贡德尔的蚕豆

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Rhizobia that nodulate cool season legumes are widely spread in the Mediterranean and highland agro ecosystems. Faba bean is one of these important crops that represent the major protein source of human nutrition, cash crop for farmers and component of the farming systems. This study is aimed at identifying rhizobia isolates capable of guarantying efficient nitrogen derived from biological nitrogen fixation.? Due to this, a total of twenty-one isolates of?Rhizobium?were isolated from as many sampling sites of northern Gondar using plant infection method. The isolates were characterized morphologically and physiologically and tested on sand and soils to evaluate their symbiotic effectiveness. Studies on symbiotic effectiveness on sand culture indicated that, the strains showed shoot dry matter ranging from 0.4 (AUFR127) to 2.3 g/plant (AUFR124), with negative control (0.2 g/plant) and positive control of 2.4 g/plant. ?Eighty percent of the isolates were found to be effective and have very effective nitrogen fixers based on their shoot dry matter accumulation (50 to 100%) in relation to the nitrogen fertilized control plants. Culturally, almost all of them displayed large colonies with diameters of 2 to 4.5 mm, generation time of 1.9 to 4.3 h and showed characteristics of fast growing rhizobia. With a few exceptions, isolates grew at temperatures of 15 and 35°C and were found to be sensitive to salt, except AUFR118 that grew up to 5% NaCl. The isolates also grew on a wide range of moderate acidity and alkalinity (pH5.5-9).With the exception of gluconate, citrate and tartarate, almost all isolates grew on all carbohydrates. The pattern of intrinsic antibiotic resistance showed that, almost all of them were tolerant to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and erythromycin. Isolates AUFR118, AUFR128 and AUFR132 were found to be resistant to almost all tested antibiotics. These isolates were also included in the effective and very effective symbiotic groups. The trial of the 5 selected effective isolates on two soil types showed that, they performed well without any significant difference on their respective soils. Interestingly, the isolates were found to nodulate the host on the highly acidic soil (pH 4.8) that failed to be nodulated by the indigenous rhizobia. Generally, the present work shows the physiological and symbiotic diversity of the isolates in the traditional agricultural areas of the region and the potential of these rhizobia to be used as effective commercial inoculants in areas where the indigenous rhizobia fail to do so. This will help to reclaim acidic soils for faba bean production.
机译：根瘤菌在凉爽的豆科植物中结节，在地中海和高地农业生态系统中广泛传播。蚕豆是重要的作物之一，代表人类营养的主要蛋白质来源，农民的经济作物和耕作系统的组成部分。这项研究旨在鉴定能够保证源自生物固氮的有效氮的根瘤菌分离株。因此，使用植物感染方法从北部贡达尔北部的许多采样点中分离出了总共21株根瘤菌。对分离株进行形态和生理学表征，并在沙子和土壤上进行测试以评估其共生效果。对沙土共生有效性的研究表明，该菌株显示的茎干物质范围从0.4（AUFR127）至2.3 g /株（AUFR124），阴性对照（0.2 g /株）和阳性对照为2.4 g /株。根据相对于施氮对照植物的芽干物质积累（50％至100％），发现百分之八十的分离物是有效的并且具有非常有效的固氮剂。在文化上，几乎所有的人都表现出直径2至4.5毫米的大菌落，产生时间为1.9至4.3小时，并表现出快速生长的根瘤菌的特征。除少数例外，分离株在15和35°C的温度下生长，并且发现对盐敏感，除了AUFR118可以生长到5％NaCl。分离株还可以在多种中等酸度和碱度（pH5.5-9）上生长。除了葡萄糖酸盐，柠檬酸盐和酒石酸盐外，几乎所有分离株都在所有碳水化合物上生长。内在抗药性的模式表明，几乎所有的细菌都对氯霉素，萘啶酸和红霉素具有耐受性。发现分离株AUFR118，AUFR128和AUFR132对几乎所有测试的抗生素都有抗性。这些分离株也包括在有效和非常有效的共生组中。在两种土壤类型上选择的5种有效分离株的试验表明，它们在各自的土壤上表现良好，没有显着差异。有趣的是，发现这些分离株能使宿主在高酸性土壤（pH 4.8）上结瘤，而酸性土壤没有被本土根瘤菌根瘤。总的来说，目前的工作表明了该地区传统农业区中分离株的生理和共生多样性，以及这些根瘤菌在土著根瘤菌无法做到的地区用作有效的商业接种剂的潜力。这将有助于恢复酸性土壤以生产蚕豆。

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