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首页> 外文期刊>Agriculture and Natural Resources >Evaluation of mating type distribution and genetic diversity of three Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence genes, PWL-2 , AVR-Pii and Avr-Piz-t , in Thailand rice blast isolates
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Evaluation of mating type distribution and genetic diversity of three Magnaporthe oryzae avirulence genes, PWL-2 , AVR-Pii and Avr-Piz-t , in Thailand rice blast isolates

机译：对泰国稻瘟病菌中三种稻瘟病菌无毒力基因PWL-2，AVR-Pii和Avr-Piz-t的交配类型分布和遗传多样性的评估

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摘要

Rice blast disease, caused by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph Pyricularia oryzae ), has been ranked among the most important diseases of rice. The molecular mechanisms against this fungus follow the idea of “gene-for-gene interaction”, in which a plant resistance ( R ) gene product recognizes a fungal avirulence ( Avr ) effector and triggers the defense response. However, the Avr genes have been shown to be rapidly evolving resulting in high levels of genetic diversity. This study investigated genetic diversity that is influenced by sexual recombination and mutation for the adaptation of rice blast fungus to overcome the defense response. Mating type distribution and the nucleotide sequence variation of three avirulence genes were evaluated— PWL-2 , Avr-Pii and Avr-Piz-t . In total, 77 rice blast isolates collected from infected rice plants in northern, northeastern and central Thailand in 2005, 2010 and 2012, were used in the analysis with mating type and avirulence gene-specific primers. The results revealed that all the tested blast isolates belonged to the mating type MAT1-2 , suggesting a lack of sexual recombination within the population. The successful rates of PWL-2 , Avr-Pii and Avr-Piz-t gene-specific primer amplification were 100%, 60% and 54%, respectively. Base substitution mutation was observed in coding regions of the Avr-Pii and Avr-Piz-t genes. Although these results showed a low level of genetic diversity in Thai rice blast isolates, non-synonymous mutations did occur which revealed common mechanisms of selective pressure that are prone to adaptation of Avr genes. The information on nucleotide sequence variation and the genetic diversity of Avr genes obtained from this study could be useful for planning novel strategies in the development of rice breeding programs in Thailand.
机译：由丝状子囊菌真菌稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）引起的稻瘟病已被列为水稻最重要的疾病。对抗这种真菌的分子机制遵循“基因对基因相互作用”的思想，其中植物抗性（R）基因产物识别真菌无毒力（Avr）效应子并触发防御反应。但是，Avr基因已显示出迅速发展的趋势，导致高水平的遗传多样性。本研究调查了受性重组和突变影响的稻瘟病菌适应克服防御反应的遗传多样性。评价了三种无毒力基因PWL-2，Avr-Pii和Avr-Piz-t的交配类型分布和核苷酸序列变异。在2005、2010和2012年，从泰国北部，东北部和中部受感染的水稻植株中收集的77株稻瘟病菌株被用于配合类型和无毒力基因特异性引物的分析。结果表明，所有测试的胚芽分离株均属于交配型MAT1-2，表明该种群内缺乏性重组。 PWL-2，Avr-Pii和Avr-Piz-t基因特异性引物扩增的成功率分别为100％，60％和54％。在Avr-Pii和Avr-Piz-t基因的编码区中观察到碱基取代突变。尽管这些结果表明泰国稻瘟病菌株中遗传多样性水平较低，但确实发生了非同义突变，这揭示了选择性压力的常见机制，这些机制容易使Avr基因适应。从这项研究中获得的有关核苷酸序列变异和Avr基因遗传多样性的信息可能有助于规划泰国水稻育种计划发展中的新策略。

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