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首页> 外文期刊>American Journal of Life Sciences >Soil Fauna as Webmasters, Engineers and Bioindicators in Ecosystems: Implications for Conservation Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture
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Soil Fauna as Webmasters, Engineers and Bioindicators in Ecosystems: Implications for Conservation Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture

机译：土壤动物作为生态系统中的网站管理员，工程师和生物指标：对保护生态学和可持续农业的启示

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Soil biodiversity comprised the organisms that spend all or a portion of their life cycles within the soil or on its immediate surface. Soil Fauna are those organisms that inhabit the soil (include arthropods, nematodes, molluscs, protozoa, rotifera, etc...). Of the total diversity of living organisms that has been described to date, 23% is soil animals. They are the dominant animal group in many terrestrial ecosystems and may have higher biomass on an area basis. According to their body size, soil fauna categorized into microfauna, mesofauna and macrofauna. In both natural and agricultural systems, soil organisms perform vital functions in the soil. Soil fauna are responsible for many ecosystem services like soil formation, nutrient cycling, soil restoration and food webs. These functions range from physical effects to chemical and biological processes. They burrowing and feeding activities result in improved aeration and water infiltration, incorporation of organic matter into the soil, and stabilization of soil aggregates, leading to their designation as ecosystem engineers. They are also play a role in significant indicators of soil health. Human activities leads to loss of soil structure and function through reduction of soil fauna diversity, habitat fragmentation, nutrient cycling and organic matter destruction. A combination of those factors can lead to ecosystem destruction. Soil fauna communities are highly sensitive to environmental variation and destabilization. Moreover, soil fauna are a useful bio-indicators for human disturbance on ecosystem.
机译：土壤生物多样性包括在土壤中或其直接表面上度过了全部或部分生命周期的生物。土壤动物是居住在土壤中的那些生物（包括节肢动物，线虫，软体动物，原生动物，轮虫等）。迄今为止，在已描述的生物多样性中，有23％是土壤动物。它们是许多陆地生态系统中的优势动物群，按面积计算可能具有更高的生物量。根据它们的体型，土壤动物分为微动物区系，中动物区系和大型动物区系。在自然和农业系统中，土壤生物都在土壤中发挥重要作用。土壤动物群负责许多生态系统服务，例如土壤形成，养分循环，土壤恢复和食物网。这些功能范围从物理效应到化学和生物过程。他们的挖穴和觅食活动可改善通气和水分渗透，将有机质掺入土壤并稳定土壤团聚体，从而被指定为生态系统工程师。它们还在土壤健康的重要指标中发挥作用。人类活动通过减少土壤动物多样性，栖息地破碎，养分循环和有机物破坏而导致土壤结构和功能丧失。这些因素的结合会导致生态系统的破坏。土壤动物群落对环境变化和破坏高度敏感。此外，土壤动物群是人类干扰生态系统的有用生物指标。

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