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首页> 外文期刊>Animal Studies Journal >Reflections on Anthropocentrism, Anthropomorphism and Impossible Fiction: Towards A Typological Spectrum of Fictional Animals
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Reflections on Anthropocentrism, Anthropomorphism and Impossible Fiction: Towards A Typological Spectrum of Fictional Animals

机译：关于人类中心主义，拟人主义和不可能的小说的思考：走向虚构动物的类型学谱

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There is growing consensus among animal studies scholars that fictional representations of animals, far from representing a discrete site of literary theory, offer insights into broader sociocultural forces and systems relevant to human-animal relations. This article aims to contribute to this developing corpus of interdisciplinary knowledge, and to aid attempts by creative practitioners to self-reflexively challenge the human/animal binary, by laying groundwork for a typological spectrum that might enable assessment of the relative anthropocentrism manifested by different conceptions of fictional animals. I consider philosophical and ethical questions surrounding attempted representations of animal subjectivity in human language, and employ key theoretical concepts comprised of ideological anthropocentrism, linguistic anthropomorphism, and impossible fiction. I propose that a useful typological spectrum might proceed on the basis that all fictional animals are anthropomorphised to some degree; that the relative anthropocentrism reflected by a given fictional animal (i.e. whether the adopted anthropomorphic strategy is ‘better’ or ‘worse’) depends on how effectively the animal represents an individual, embodied subjectivity not dependent for meaning on human consciousness; and that a practical enquiry in considering whether a fictional animal depends for meaning on human consciousness is how far the animal’s imagined subjectivity is in fact impossible (e.g. by virtue of the attribution of impossibly human traits or knowledge).
机译：动物研究学者之间越来越多的共识是，对动物的虚构描述并不能代表文学理论的一个离散场所，而是可以提供与人类-动物关系有关的更广泛的社会文化力量和系统的见识。本文旨在为这一不断发展的跨学科知识做出贡献，并通过为可能有助于评估不同概念所表现出的相对人类中心主义的类型学基础奠定基础，来帮助创造性的从业者自我反思地挑战人类/动物二进制。虚构动物。我考虑围绕人类语言中的动物主观性尝试的哲学和伦理问题，并采用了包括思想上的人类中心主义，语言上的拟人主义和不可能的小说在内的关键理论概念。我建议，在所有虚构动物都在某种程度上拟人化的基础上，可能进行有用的类型学研究;给定的虚构动物所反映的相对人类中心主义（即采用的拟人化策略是“更好”还是“更糟”）取决于该动物如何有效地表现出一种个体的，体现的主观性，而不依赖于人类意识的意义;在考虑虚构动物是否需要依靠人类意识的意义上进行的实际查询是，该动物想象的主观性实际上是不可能的（例如，由于不可能的人类特征或知识的归因）。

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