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首页> 外文期刊>AoB PLANTS >SEPALLATA1/2-suppressed mature apples have low ethylene, high auxin and reduced transcription of ripening-related genes
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SEPALLATA1/2-suppressed mature apples have low ethylene, high auxin and reduced transcription of ripening-related genes

机译：SEPALLATA1 / 2抑制的成熟苹果具有低乙烯，高生长素和降低了与成熟相关的基因的转录

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Background and aims Fruit ripening is an important developmental trait in fleshy fruits, making the fruit palatable for seed dispersers. In some fruit species, there is a strong association between auxin concentrations and fruit ripening. We investigated the relationship between auxin concentrations and the onset of ethylene-related ripening in Malus × domestica (apples) at both the hormone and transcriptome levels. Methodology Transgenic apples suppressed for the SEPALLATA1/2 (SEP1/2) class of gene (MADS8/9) that showed severely reduced ripening were compared with untransformed control apples. In each apple type, free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations were measured during early ripening. The changes observed in auxin were assessed in light of global changes in gene expression. Principal results It was found that mature MADS8/9-suppressed apples had a higher concentration of free IAA. This was associated with increased expression of the auxin biosynthetic genes in the indole-3-acetamide pathway. Additionally, in the MADS8/9-suppressed apples, there was less expression of the GH3 auxin-conjugating enzymes. A number of genes involved in the auxin-regulated transcription (AUX/IAA and ARF classes of genes) were also observed to change in expression, suggesting a mechanism for signal transduction at the start of ripening. Conclusions The delay in ripening observed in MADS8/9-suppressed apples may be partly due to high auxin concentrations. We propose that, to achieve low auxin associated with fruit maturation, the auxin homeostasis is controlled in a two-pronged manner: (i) by the reduction in biosynthesis and (ii) by an increase in auxin conjugation. This is associated with the change in expression of auxin-signalling genes and the up-regulation of ripening-related genes.
机译：背景和目的果实成熟是肉质果实的重要发育特征，使果实适于种子分散。在某些水果种类中，植物生长素的浓度与果实成熟之间有很强的联系。我们研究了激素和转录组水平上生长素浓度与苹果属苹果（苹果）中乙烯相关成熟的开始之间的关系。方法学将抑制了SEPALLATA1 / 2（SEP1 / 2）类基因（MADS8 / 9）的转基因苹果显示出成熟程度大大降低，并将其与未转化的对照苹果进行了比较。在每种苹果类型中，在早熟过程中都测量了游离吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）的浓度。根据基因表达的整体变化来评估生长素中的变化。主要结果发现，成熟的MADS8 / 9抑制的苹果具有较高的游离IAA浓度。这与吲哚-3-乙酰胺途径中生长素生物合成基因的表达增加有关。此外，在MADS8 / 9抑制的苹果中，GH3植物生长素结合酶的表达较少。还观察到许多与生长素调节转录有关的基因（AUX / IAA和ARF类基因）表达发生变化，这表明在成熟开始时信号转导的机制。结论在MADS8 / 9抑制的苹果中观察到的成熟延迟可能部分归因于高生长素浓度。我们建议，要实现与果实成熟相关的低生长素，可通过两方面的方式来控制生长素稳态：（i）通过生物合成的减少和（ii）生长素结合的增加。这与生长素信号转导基因表达的变化和成熟相关基因的上调有关。

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