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首页> 外文期刊>Anthropological science: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon >Nasal architecture in Procynocephalus wimani (Early Pleistocene, China) and implications for its phyletic relationship with Paradolichopithecus
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Nasal architecture in Procynocephalus wimani (Early Pleistocene, China) and implications for its phyletic relationship with Paradolichopithecus

机译：Wicyani头（中国更新世）的鼻部结构及其与副鞘上皮的系统关系

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Procynocephalus and Paradolichopithecus are large Eurasian papionins from the Middle Pliocene to Early Pleistocene. The two genera are regarded as being phylogenetically close, but their phyletic position is still disputed, in particular regarding to which subtribe, Papionina or Macacina, they are close to. Many fragile structures of the nasal region are well preserved in the type specimen of Procynocephalus wimani from the Xin’an locality in China. Computed tomography scans showed that the Xin’an specimen has no maxillary sinus, an inferior meatus extending medially from the slightly superior portion of the maxillary body, and a thick maxillary body with no maxillary fossa. Morphological variation in the nasal region was surveyed in extant papionins. Our analysis showed that the maxillary sinus is found even in Papio / Theropithecus and that its formation is confirmed for all Macaca . The inferior conchae are suspended from the superior portion of the nasal cavity in Papio / Theropithecus and Mandrillus , and the maxillary fossa is developed by major absorption of the maxillary cancellous bone in Papionina. These findings indicate that a given fossil specimen having a maxillary sinus does not always belong to the Macacina lineage, and that a given specimen having a thin maxillary body is closer to the Papionina. Despite the paucity of evidence definitive of its phyletic position, these morphological examinations suggest that Procynocephalus is closer to the lineage of Macacina though it lacks the maxillary sinus. Whereas Paradolichopithecus arvernensis and Paradolichopithecus sushkini show some morphological similarities to and differences from each other and Procynocephalus , their nasal architecture is similar to that seen in the Macacina rather than in the Papionina. The morphological evaluations of the nasal region in African forms are expected to contribute to our understanding of the phyletic relationships and adaptive radiation of the large Eurasian papionins in the Plio–Pleistocene.
机译：从前中新世到早更新世，Procynocephalus和Paradolichopithecus是大型的欧亚番木瓜素。这两个属在系统发育上被认为是接近的，但是它们的系统位置仍然存在争议，特别是关于它们与哪个亚部落，帕皮奥尼纳或马卡奇纳接近。在来自中国新安地区的Wicyani头型样本中，很好地保存了许多鼻区的脆弱结构。计算机断层扫描显示，新安氏标本没有上颌窦，下颌骨从上颌骨稍上方的部分向内延伸，上颌骨厚而没有上颌窝。在现存的木瓜蛋白酶中调查了鼻区域的形态变化。我们的分析表明，甚至在Papio / Theropithecus中也发现了上颌窦，并且在所有猕猴中也可以确认上颌窦的形成。下甲状骨从鼻腔的上部悬垂在Papio / Theropithecus和Mandrillus中，上颌窝是通过吸收Papionina中的上颌松质骨而形成的。这些发现表明，具有上颌窦的给定化石标本并不总是属于Macacina谱系，而具有较薄上颌体的给定标本更接近Papionina。尽管缺乏确定其种系地位的证据，但这些形态学检查表明，尽管没有上颌窦，但Procynocephalus更接近Macacina血统。 arvernensis和Parasolichopithecus sushkini表现出彼此和Procynocephalus的一些形态相似和差异，但它们的鼻腔结构类似于Macacina而不是Papionina。预计非洲形式的鼻区域的形态学评估将有助于我们理解上新世中大型欧亚番木瓜的种系关系和适应性辐射。

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