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首页> 外文期刊>AoB PLANTS >Comparative morphology, biology and histology of reproductive development in three lines of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae: Crotonoideae)
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Comparative morphology, biology and histology of reproductive development in three lines of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae: Crotonoideae)

机译：三种Manihot esculenta Crantz（Euphorbiaceae：Crotonoideae）的生殖发育的比较形态，生物学和组织学

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Background and aims Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a major food staple in the tropics and subtropics, thrives even in environments undergoing threatening climate change. To satisfy the increasing demand for crop improvement and overcome the limitations of conventional breeding, the introduction of inbreeding techniques such as the production of doubled haploid lines via androgenesis or gynogenesis offers advantages. However, comprehensive studies on cassava flower bud biology or structural development are lacking and precise structural and biological information is a prerequisite to enhance the efficiency of these techniques. Methodology The floral biology of three selected cassava lines was studied, focusing on morphology, phenology and pollen biology (quantity, viability and dimorphism). Histological studies were also conducted on microsporogenesis/microgametogenesis and megasporogenesis/megagameto-genesis to generate precise developmental data for these lines. Principal results Male and female cyathia have distinct developmental phases. Pollen viability was high during immature stages of plant development; however, pollen mortality was common at later stages. Pollen trimorphism in male gametophytes towards the larger or smaller pollen size, as compared with normal size, was observed. Ten characteristic events were identified in male gametogenesis and six in female gametogenesis that were correlated with flower bud diameter. Male gametophyte diameter at different developmental stages was also determined. Conclusions Results indicate that the three lines did not differ significantly, except regarding a few morphological aspects such as plant height, flower colour and number of male cyathia. Pollen grains were initially viable, but viability decreased drastically at later stages of growth. Abnormal meiosis or mitosis triggered pollen trimorphism. The demonstrated sequential events of reproductive development generated valuable information at the cellular level, which will help close the current information gap for cassava improvement via breeding programmes and doubled haploid plant production.
机译：背景和目标木薯（Manihot esculenta）是热带和亚热带的主要食物，即使在面临气候变化威胁的环境中也能繁衍生息。为了满足对作物改良的不断增长的需求并克服常规育种的局限性，近交技术的引入，例如通过雄激素生成或雌激素生成双倍单倍体系提供了优势。但是，缺乏对木薯花蕾生物学或结构发育的全面研究，准确的结构和生物学信息是提高这些技术效率的前提。方法学研究了三个选定木薯品系的花生物学，重点是形态，物候和花粉生物学（数量，生存力和二态性）。还对微孢子发生/微配子发生和大孢子发生/大配子发生进行了组织学研究，以产生这些品系的精确发育数据。主要结果男性和女性的运动状态有不同的发育阶段。在植物发育的未成熟阶段，花粉的活力很高。然而，花粉死亡率在以后阶段很普遍。与正常大小相比，雄配子体中的花粉三态性朝着更大或更小的花粉大小。与花芽直径相关的男性配子发生中确定了10个特征事件，女性配子发生中确定了6个特征事件。还确定了不同发育阶段的雄配子体直径。结论结果表明，除了植物形态高度，花色和雄性卡西娅数量等几个形态学方面的差异外，三系没有显着差异。花粉粒最初是可行的，但在生长的后期阶段活力却急剧下降。异常的减数分裂或有丝分裂触发了花粉三态性。已证明的生殖发育的顺序事件在细胞水平上产生了有价值的信息，这将有助于通过育种计划和使单倍体植物产量增加一倍来弥补木薯改良的当前信息空白。

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