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Nickel accumulation in leaves, floral organs and rewards varies by serpentine soil affinity

机译：镍在叶片，花器官和奖励物中的积累随蛇形土壤亲和力而变化

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Serpentine soils are edaphically stressful environments that host many endemic plant species. In particular, serpentine soils are high in several heavy metals (e.g. nickel, cobalt and chromium) and these high heavy metal concentrations are thought, in part, to lead to varying levels of plant adaptation and soil affinities (i.e. endemic vs. non-endemic plant species). It is unclear, however, whether serpentine endemics vs. non-endemics differ with respect to heavy metal uptake into either vegetative or reproductive organs. Here, we use nickel as a model to determine whether plant heavy metal uptake varies with the level of endemism in several non-hyperaccumulating species. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, we grew seven plant species from the Brassicaceae family that vary in their degrees of affinity to serpentine soil from low (indifferent) to medium (indicator) and high (endemic) in soil that was nickel supplemented or not. We quantified nickel concentrations in leaves, pistils, anthers, pollen and nectar. While nickel concentrations did not vary across organs or affinities when grown in control soils, under conditions of nickel supplementation endemic species had the lowest tissue concentrations of nickel, particularly when considering leaves and pistils, compared with indifferent/indicator species. Species indifferent to serpentines incorporated higher concentrations of nickel into reproductive organs relative to leaves, but this was not the case for indicator species and endemics where nickel concentration was similar in these organs. Our findings suggest that endemic species possess the ability to limit nickel uptake into above-ground tissues, particularly in reproductive organs where it may interfere with survival and reproduction. Indifferent species accumulated significantly more nickel into reproductive organs compared with leaves, which may limit their reproductive potential relative to endemic species when growing on serpentine soils. Additional work determining the fitness consequences of these differences will further our understanding of edaphic endemism.
机译：蜿蜒的土壤是深具压力的环境，拥有许多特有的植物物种。特别是，蛇形土壤中的几种重金属（例如镍，钴和铬）含量很高，这些重金属的高浓度在一定程度上导致了植物适应性和土壤亲和性的不同水平（即地方性与非地方性）植物品种）。然而，目前尚不清楚蛇毒特有病与非特有病在摄取重金属到营养或生殖器官方面是否有所不同。在这里，我们使用镍作为模型来确定几种非高积累物种中植物对重金属的吸收是否随特有水平而变化。在受控的温室条件下，我们种植了十字花科的七种植物，它们对蛇形土壤的亲和程度从低（无差异）到中等（指示性）和高（特有）土壤中是否添加了镍。我们量化了叶子，雌蕊，花药，花粉和花蜜中的镍浓度。虽然在对照土壤中生长时，镍的浓度在各个器官或亲和力之间没有变化，但与无差异/指示物物种相比，在补充镍的条件下，地方性物种的镍组织浓度最低，尤其是考虑到叶子和雌蕊时。对蛇纹石无动于衷的物种将相对于叶片而言更高浓度的镍掺入生殖器官，但对于指示物物种和地方性物种而言，在这些器官中镍浓度相似的情况并非如此。我们的发现表明，特有物种具有限制镍吸收到地上组织的能力，特别是在生殖器官中，镍可能会干扰其生存和繁殖。与叶片相比，冷漠物种在生殖器官中积累的镍要多得多，这可能会限制它们在蜿蜒土壤上生长时相对于特有物种的繁殖潜力。确定这些差异的适用性后果的其他工作将进一步使我们对edaphic特有主义有所了解。

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