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Bacteriophages and Biofilms

机译：噬菌体和生物膜

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Biofilms are an extremely common adaptation, allowing bacteria to colonize hostile environments. They present unique problems for antibiotics and biocides, both due to the nature of the extracellular matrix and to the presence within the biofilm of metabolically inactive persister cells. Such chemicals can be highly effective against planktonic bacterial cells, while being essentially ineffective against biofilms. By contrast, bacteriophages seem to have a greater ability to target this common form of bacterial growth. The high numbers of bacteria present within biofilms actually facilitate the action of bacteriophages by allowing rapid and efficient infection of the host and consequent amplification of the bacteriophage. Bacteriophages also have a number of properties that make biofilms susceptible to their action. They are known to produce (or to be able to induce) enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. They are also able to infect persister cells, remaining dormant within them, but re-activating when they become metabolically active. Some cultured biofilms also seem better able to support the replication of bacteriophages than comparable planktonic systems. It is perhaps unsurprising that bacteriophages, as the natural predators of bacteria, have the ability to target this common form of bacterial life.
机译：生物膜是一种极为常见的适应方法，它可使细菌在不利的环境中定殖。由于胞外基质的性质以及代谢失活的持久性细胞在生物膜内的存在，它们为抗生素和杀生物剂带来了独特的问题。这种化学物质对浮游细菌细胞可能非常有效，而对生物膜却基本上无效。相比之下，噬菌体似乎具有针对这种常见细菌生长形式的更大能力。实际上，生物膜中存在的大量细菌通过快速有效地感染宿主并随后扩增噬菌体，实际上促进了噬菌体的作用。噬菌体还具有许多使生物膜易受其作用影响的特性。已知它们会产生（或能够诱导）降解细胞外基质的酶。它们还能够感染持久性细胞，使其保持休眠状态，但是当它们具有代谢活性时会重新激活。与类似的浮游系统相比，某些培养的生物膜似乎还能够更好地支持噬菌体的复制。噬菌体作为细菌的天然捕食者，具有针对这种常见细菌生命形式的能力，这也许不足为奇。

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